Transcript Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7th edition

Public Speaking:
An Audience-Centered
Approach – 7th edition
Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe
Why Study Public Speaking?
Empowerment
• Achieves desired goals.
• Is an “advantage” over
your competition.
• Shows confidence.
• Shows conviction.
Employment
• Corporations want
skilled speakers- - -
• to adapt information,
• to be organized, and
• to keep listeners
interested.
• Communication is
the top skill sought by
employers.
Top Factors in Helping Graduating College
Students Obtain Employment
Not in Rank Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Grade point average (gpa)
Specific degree held
Written communication
skills
Listening ability
Leadership in
campus/community activity
Technical competence
Work experience
Poise
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Appearance
Resume
Part-time or summer
employment
Enthusiasm
Recommendations
Accreditation of program
Oral (spoken)
communication
Participation in
campus/community activity
Top Factors in Helping Graduating College
Students Obtain Employment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Oral (spoken)
communication
Written communication
skills
Listening ability
Enthusiasm
Technical competence
Work experience
Appearance
Poise
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Source: Winsor, JB,Curtis “National Preferences in Business and
Communication Educatoin: A Survey Update,” Journal of the Associaton for
Communication Administration 3, September 1997; 174.
Resume
Part-time or summer
employment
Specific degree held
Leadership in
campus/community activity
Recommendations
Accreditation of program
Participation in
campus/community activity
Grade point average (gpa)
Public Speaking Differs
From Conversation
Public Speaking is Planned
• More practice.
• More preparation.
• More research.
Public Speaking is Formal
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•
•
Less slang & casual language.
More physical distance between
speaker and audience.
More controlled gestures and
movements.
Speaker & Audience
Roles Clearly Defined
•
•
•
Expectations well-established.
Behaviors stable.
Speaker and audience follow rules
more.
Speaking rules for this class

Class Activity
As a group, let us establish rules for speaking
and listening in this class.
The Communication
Communication as Action
Process
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Linear, one-way messages.
Source: encodes message.
Message: what is said & how it is said.
Channel: how message is transmitted.
Receiver: decodes message.
Noise: interferes with message .
 Internal.
 External.
The Action Model of
Communication:
Past events or activities that give knowledge.
Experiences
An enduring concept of right or
wrong, good or bad.
What you understand to be true
or untrue.
Represents our likes and dislikes.
Past events or activities that give knowledge.
Values
Beliefs
Attitudes
Experiences
Communication as Interaction
• As message is sent, feedback to
sender is provided by receiver.
• Communication happens
within a context
(environment/situation in which speech
occurs.)
Communication as Transaction
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•
•
Communication happens simultaneously.
Sender also receives message.
Receiver also sends message.
Public Speaking & Diversity
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Different audiences have different expectations.
Speakers must adapt to audiences.
Audience-centeredness is key.
Improving Your Confidence
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Nervousness is normal.
Public speaking number
one in highest anxiety.
Nervousness –
• Audience cannot see nervousness.
• Use anxiety to your advantage.
Build Your Confidence
Before your speech:
• Don’t delay preparing.
• Learn as much as you can about your audience.
• Pick a comfortable and familiar topic.
• Rehearse your speech.
• Present a structured speech.
Other advice
Before your speech:
• Be familiar with introduction and conclusion.
• Simulate actual speech conditions.
• Breathe deeply.
• Think & act calm.
• Picture positive outcomes.
• Reassure yourself mentally (with a pep talk).
Finally…
During the speech:
• Focus on content, not fears.
• Look for supportive audience members.
After the speech:
• Reflect on positives.
• Seek other speaking opportunities.