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OSHAcademy Course 705
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
PROGRAM
GHS/HCS 2012
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Introduction
This workshop introduces you to the updated 2012 OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.1200
(HCS 2012) and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of
Chemicals (GHS). The workbook will help guide you through the various topics we will
be discussing today. Please take notes and if you have any questions, please feel free to
ask at any time during the presentation. Your trainer will answer general questions
related to the hazard communication program, but specific questions concerning
chemicals or procedures at your workplace should be referred to an OSHA consultant or
insurer representative.
Objectives
Describe the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requirements and the four
practical elements of the rule for the purpose of informing employees of classified
chemicals, their hazards, and protective measures to prevent injury or illness.
1.
Written Hazard Communication Program
2.
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
3.
Labeling
4.
Employee Information and Training
Note: This workbook is to be used only by a competent, qualified safety trainer. The trainer should
have adequate knowledge and experience related to the topic. If the trainer has not completed a
“Train-The-Trainer” course, we recommend completion of the OSHAcademy 36 Hour Train-theTrainer Program. The trainer should also be evaluated by the employer’s training director or other
competent person as part of the safety trainer’s internal certification process. See ANSI/ASSE 490.12009 for more information on certification. Delete this note prior to printing the workbook.
Please Note: This material, or any other material used to inform employers of compliance requirements of OSHA
standards through simplification of the regulations should not be considered a substitute for any provisions of the OSHA
Act or for any standards issued by OSHA.
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HCS 2012 and the GHS
The new HCS 2012 is now aligned with the United Nations Globally Harmonized
System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) that provides many benefits,
including the following:
•
Provides a common and coherent approach to classifying chemicals and
communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets;
•
Improves the quality and consistency of hazard information in the workplace;
•
Helps reduce trade barriers;
•
Results in productivity improvements for American businesses that regularly handle,
store, and use classified hazardous chemicals;
•
Provides cost savings for American businesses that periodically update safety data
sheets and labels for classified chemicals.
•
Remember, the old HCS 1994 gave workers the right to know, but the new HCS
2012 gives workers the right to understand: this is a very important change, so look
for it on the final exam!
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Purpose of the Hazard Communication Program.
The purpose of the HCS 2012 is to make sure that:
1.
The hazards of all chemicals produced or imported are classified, and
2.
information about the classified hazards is transmitted to employers and
employees.
Classifying the potential hazards of chemicals, and communicating information
concerning hazards and appropriate protective measures to employees, may
include:
•
Developing and maintaining a written hazard communication program;
•
Listing the hazardous chemicals present;
•
Labeling containers of chemicals in the workplace;
•
Labeling containers of chemicals being shipped to other workplaces;
•
Preparing and distributing SDSs to employees and downstream
employers;
•
Developing and implementing employee training programs.
Remember, OSHA's new HCS 2012 is intended to be consistent with the
provisions of the United Nations' GHS. (This may be on the exam!)
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Scope and Application
The HCS 2012 requires chemical manufacturers or importers to classify the
hazards of chemicals which they produce or import.
It requires all employers to provide information to their employees about the
hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed, by means of:
1.
a hazard communication program
2.
labels and other forms of warning
3.
safety data sheets, and
4.
information and training.
In addition, the HCS requires distributors to transmit the required information to
employers.
Employers who do not produce or import chemicals need only focus on those parts
of this rule that deal with establishing a workplace program and communicating
information to their workers.
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r What are “Hazardous Chemicals”?
"Hazardous chemical" means any chemical which is classified as a physical
hazard or a health hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust, pyrophoric gas,
or hazard not otherwise classified.
Physical hazards - reactions that could occur if chemicals are handled or stored
improperly. This could result in a fire, explosion, and/or toxic gas release.
Health hazards - health effects caused directly by the chemicals themselves, not
an injury resulting from a reaction. All chemical materials can cause health
problems under the wrong conditions.
r Forms of Hazardous Chemicals
Dusts are finely divided particles. Example - wood dust.
Solids
Fumes are even smaller particles usually formed when solid metal is
heated and vaporized, and then condenses as tiny particles.
Fibers are similar to dusts but are of an elongated shape. Examples asbestos and fiberglass.
Liquids
Mists are liquid droplets that have been sprayed into the
atmosphere.
Vapors are gases formed when liquid evaporates.
Gases
Gases are substances that are normally airborne at room
temperature. A vapor is the gaseous phase of a substance which is a
normally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
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r
Effects of Chemicals
The effects of chemicals on the human body depend on several factors:
1. The form of the chemical:
solid, liquid, or gas
2. How the chemical contacts the body:
ingestion, inhalation, or absorption
3. The amount, or dose, the body receives
4. How toxic, or poisonous the chemical is.
r Routes of Entry
1. Ingestion
2. Inhalation
3. Absorption
4. Injection
Which route of entry is most common?
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r Control Strategies
In determining what control strategies to use, a hierarchy of controls serves as a guide
to ensure the most effective strategies are used. The most desirable control strategy
seeks to control the hazard at the source by using such strategies as total enclosure or
substitution of a safer chemical. It also attempts to control the hazardous chemical
along the path by using such measures as ventilation. Next, it tries to control the effects
of hazardous chemicals by ensuring minimum exposure. This is accomplished by
incorporating safer work practices through written safety policies, rules, supervision
and training. Lastly, methods are used to control the hazardous chemical at the worker
by using personal protective equipment.
r Hierarchy of Controls
1. Engineering Controls - Replacing, redesigning, enclosing, substitution.
Example: Replacing highly toxic chemicals with less toxic chemicals.
2. Administrative Controls - Scheduling, changing procedures.
Example: Scheduling work so that there is less exposure to an employee.
3. Personal Protective Equipment - in conjunction with the other two strategies.
Example: Gloves, apron, etc.
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r Three Ways to Inform Workers
1. Labels
2. SDS
3. Training
r Chemical Manufacturers
Assess hazards
Distribute SDS
Produce and revise label for container
r Distributors
Transmit SDS
Retails/Wholesale distributors must:
1. Provide SDS to commercial accounts & post sign.
2. Provide hazardous chemical manufacturer address/phone to
employers who do not have commercial account.
r Employers
Provide information
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r Rules apply to:
Any chemical that employees may be exposed to under normal conditions in the workplace or
in a foreseeable emergency.
r Rules do not apply to:
Hazardous wastes as defined by Solid Waste Disposal Act and subject to EPA.
Hazardous substances as defined by the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act and subject to EPA.
Tobacco or tobacco products.
Wood or wood products, including lumber which will not be processed, where only
flammable or combustible hazards exist. Wood or wood products which have been treated
with a hazardous chemical covered by the standard, and wood which may be subsequently
sawed or cut, generating dust, are not exempted.
Articles - a manufactured item other than a fluid or particle that does not release more than
minute or trace amounts of hazardous chemicals and does not pose physical or health hazard.
Food or alcoholic beverages sold, used, or prepared in a retail establishment. Foods
intended for personal consumption.
Drugs as defined by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in solid, final form for
direct administration to a patient.
Drugs packaged by manufacturers for sale in retail establishments (e.g., over-thecounter drugs).
Drugs intended for personal consumption (e.g., first aid supplies).
Consumer products or hazardous substances defined by Consumer Product Safety
Act and Federal Hazardous Substances Act used in same manner and ranges of exposure
(frequency and duration) as that experienced by consumers.
Nuisance particulates that do not pose physical or health hazards.
Ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
Biological hazards.
Workers who encounter chemicals only in non-routine, isolated instances. (e.g.,
bank tellers, office workers)
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Part II - The Written Program
r Must be available to:
1. Employee
2. Employee representative
3. OSHA representative
r Three subject areas:
1. Labels
2. SDS Maintenance
3. Training
r Other subject areas:
Hazardous chemicals list
Non-routine procedures
Pipe and piping systems
Mobile unit procedures
Multi-employer procedures
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Label Requirements
r Primary container label information:
1. Identification of chemical
2. Appropriate warning hazard - Specifies
physical or health hazard including target organ
effects.
3. Manufacturer's name and
Primary Container - used by the chemical
manufacture, distributor, or importer to
store hazardous chemicals.
address
Lorsban 50W
Insecticide
Warning
Skin & Eye
Irritant
DOW ELANCO
Indianapolis, IN 46386
The "new" Shipped - Primary Container Label
Requirements
Under the new HSC 2012, labels on primary containers shipped from manufacturers
or distributors, the container must be labeled, tagged or marked with the following
six items:
1.Product Identifier
2.Signal words
3.Hazard Statements
4.Pictograms
5.Precautionary statements
6.Supplier identification
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Label Requirements
r Secondary container label
information:
1. Identification of chemical
2. Appropriate warning hazard May use words,
pictures, symbols or combination to provide
general information about hazards.
Secondary container - used by the
employer to store hazardous chemical.
Lorsban 50W
Insecticide
Warning
Skin & Eye
Irritant
Workplace or Secondary Container Labeling
The employer must ensure that each workplace or secondary container of hazardous
chemicals in the workplace is labeled, tagged or marked with either:
1.
The information required on shipped container labels; or,
2.
Product identifier and words, pictures, symbols, or combination thereof,
which provide at least general information regarding the hazards of the
chemicals, and which, in conjunction with the other information
immediately available to employees under the hazard communication
program, will provide employees with the specific information regarding
the physical and health hazards of the hazardous chemical.
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r Portable container label
requirements:
None - if used immediately. Includes drugs
dispensed by a pharmacy to health care provider
for direct administration to a patient.
Portable container - used to
transfer or immediately use
hazardous chemicals.
“Immediate use” means that the hazardous
chemical will be under the control of and used
only by the person who transfers it from a labeled
container and only within the work shift in which
it is transferred.
r Stationary process container label
requirements
Signs, placards, process sheets, batch tickets,
operating procedures, other written materials.
Must identify chemical and appropriate hazard
warning
Stationary process container - Usually a
large unmovable tank or vessel used to
store hazardous chemicals.
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HCS/GHS Pictograms and Hazards
Health Hazard
Flame
Exclamation
Mark
Gas Cylinder
Corrosion
Exploding
Bomb
Flame Over Circle
Environment
Skull and
Crossbones
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r Never deface or remove labels
Unless container is immediately marked with the required information.
There is no need to affix a new label if old label meet labeling
requirements.
r Must be legible and in English
r Prominently displayed
r Hazard Communication labels are not required on:
Pesticides subject to Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.
Chemical Substances or mixtures subject to Toxic Substances Control Act (EPA)
Food, food additives, color additives, drugs, cosmetics, or medical or veterinary
devices or products regulated by Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act or the
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act and subject to FDA or Department of Agriculture.
Distilled spirits (beverage alcohols), wine or malt beverages intended for
nonindustrial use when regulated by the Federal Alcohol Administration Act and
subject to Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.
Agricultural or vegetable seeds treated with pesticides and labeled in accordance
with the Federal Seed Act issued by the Department of Agriculture.
r Solid materials(metal, wood, plastic):
Label required only with initial shipment. Need not be included with subsequent
shipments unless information on the label changes.
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Exercise: Find out what’s wrong with these labels?
Label category: ________________________
What’s wrong?_________________________
_____________________________________
What’s might be the result? _______________
_____________________________________
Label category: ________________________
What’s wrong?_________________________
_____________________________________
What’s might be the result? _______________
_____________________________________
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Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
r
For all hazardous chemicals
May group hazards on SDS (See appendix)
r
Readily available during normal work hours
r
Immediately accessible during emergencies
What is the difference between “readily available” and “immediately
accessible”?
r Providing the SDS:
1. Initial shipment
2. First shipment after update
r
SDS Changes
r
Failure to provide the SDS
What should you do if you do not receive an SDS for the chemical?
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r
Remote work sites
SDS may be kept at central location
Must be readily available
They must be immediately accessible
What’s the best procedure for meeting the above criteria when at remote
work sites?
r
Kept in any form
Paper
Computer
What’s best? Computer or paper?
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The SDS form
The chemical manufacturer or importer preparing the safety data sheet must
ensure that it is in English (although the employer may maintain copies in other
languages as well).
Sample GHS Safety Data Sheet
1. Identification
Product Name: Chemical Stuff
Synonyms: Methytrexil Solutionate
CAS Number: 000-00-0
Product Use: Organic Synthesis
Manufacturer/Supplier: My Company
Address: Any Street, Mytown, TX 00000
General Information: 555-123-4567
Transportation Emergency Number: CHEMTREC: 800-424-9300
2. Hazards Identification - GHS Classification:
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2. Hazards Identification - GHS Label
3. Composition / Information on Ingredients
Component CAS Number Weight %
Methyltoxy
000-00-0
80
(See Section 8 for Exposure Limits)
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4. First Aid Measures
Eye: Eye irritation. Flush immediately with large amounts of water for at least
15 minutes. Eyelids should be held away from the eyeball to ensure thorough
rinsing. Get immediate medical attention.
Skin: Itching or burning of the skin. Immediately flush the skin with plenty of
water while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get immediate medical
attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Inhalation: Nasal irritation, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, heart
palpitations, breathing difficulty, cyanosis, tremors, weakness, red flushing of
face, irritability. Remove exposed person from source of exposure to fresh air.
If not breathing, clear airway and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
Avoid mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Ingestion: Get immediate medical attention. Do not induce vomiting
unless directed by medical personnel.
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5. Fire Fighting Measures
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide to
extinguish fire. Water may be ineffective but should be used to cool fireexposed containers, structures and to protect personnel. Use water to dilute
spills and to flush them away from sources of ignition.
Fire Fighting Procedures: Do not flush down sewers or other drainage
systems. Exposed firefighters must wear NIOSH-approved positive pressure
self-contained breathing apparatus with full-face mask and full protective
clothing.
Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: Dangerous when exposed to heat or
flame. Will form flammable or explosive mixtures with air at room temperature.
Vapor or gas may spread to distant ignition sources and flash back. Vapors or
gas may accumulate in low areas. Runoff to sewer may cause fire or explosion
hazard. Containers may explode in heat of fire. Vapors may concentrate in
confined areas. Liquid will float and may reignite on the surface of water.
Combustion Products: Irritating or toxic substances may be emitted upon
thermal decomposition. Thermal decomposition products may include oxides of
carbon and nitrogen.
6. Accidental Release Measures
Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay
upwind; keep out of low areas. (Also see Section 8).
Vapor protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks. Shut off ignition
sources; no flares, smoking or flames in hazard area. Small spills: Take up with
sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for
later disposal. Large spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Do not flush to sewer or waterways. Prevent release to the environment if
possible. Refer to Section 15 for spill/release reporting information.
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7. Handling and Storage
Handling -Do not get in eyes, on skin or on clothing. Do not breathe
vapors or mists. Keep container closed. Use only with adequate
ventilation. Use good personal hygiene practices. Wash hands before
eating, drinking, smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and clean
before re-use. Destroy contaminated belts and shoes and other items that
cannot be decontaminated.
Keep away from heat and flame. Keep operating temperatures below
ignition temperatures at all times. Use non-sparking tools.
Storage - Store in tightly closed containers in cool, dry, well-ventilated
area away from heat, sources of ignition and incompatibles. Ground lines
and equipment used during transfer to reduce the possibility of static
spark-initiated fire or explosion. Store at ambient or lower temperature.
Store out of direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed and upright
when not in use. Protect against physical damage.
Empty containers may contain toxic, flammable and explosive residue or
vapors. Do not cut, grind, drill, or weld on or near containers unless
precautions are taken against these hazards.
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8. Exposure Controls / Personal Protection
Exposure Limits
Component, Methyltoxy - TWA: 3 ppm (skin) - STEL: C 15 ppm (15 min.)
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation may be necessary to
control air contaminants to their exposure limits.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Eye Protection: Wear chemical safety goggles and face shield.
Skin Protection: Avoid skin contact. Wear gloves impervious to
conditions of use.
Respiratory Protection: If exposure limits are exceeded, NIOSH
approved respiratory protection should be worn.
9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Flashpoint: 2oC (35oF)
Autoignition Temperature: 480oC (896oF)
Boiling Point: 77oC (170.6oF) @ 760 mm Hg
Melting Point: -82oC
Vapor Pressure: 100.0 mm Hg @ 23oC
Vapor Density: 1.7; (Air = 1)
% Solubility in Water: 10 @ 20ºC
Pour Point: NA
Molecular Formula: Mixture
Weight: Mixture
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9. Physical and Chemical Properties (Continued)
Odor/Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid with mild, pungent odor.
Lower Flammability Limit: >3.00%
Upper Flammability Limit: <15.00%
Specific Gravity: 0.82g/ml @ 20oC
% Volatile: 100
Evaporation Rate (Water=1): 5(Butyl Acetate =1)
Viscosity: 0.3 cP @ 25oC
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient: log Kow: 0.5
pH: 7, 8% aqueous solution
Molecular Weight: Mixture
10. Stability and Reactivity
Stability/Incompatibility: Incompatible with ammonia, amines, bromine,
strong bases and strong acids.
Hazardous Reactions/Decomposition Products: Thermal decomposition
products may include oxides of carbon and nitrogen.
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11. Toxicological Information
Signs and Symptoms of Overexposure: Eye and nasal irritation, headache,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, heart palpitations, difficulty breathing, cyanosis,
tremors, weakness, itching or burning of the skin.
Acute Effects:
Eye Contact: may cause severe conjunctival irritation and corneal
damage.
Skin Contact: may cause reddening, blistering or burns with permanent
damage. Harmful if absorbed through the skin. May cause allergic skin
reaction.
Inhalation: may cause severe irritation with possible lung damage
(pulmonary edema).
Ingestion: may cause severe gastrointestinal burns.
Target Organ Effects: May cause gastrointestinal (oral), respiratory tract,
nervous system and blood effects based on experimental animal data. May
cause cardiovascular system and liver effects.
Chronic Effects: based on experimental animal data, may cause changes to
genetic material; adverse effects on the developing fetus or on reproduction at
doses that were toxic to the mother. Methyltoxy is classified by IARC as group
2B and by NTP as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. OSHA
regulates Methyltoxy as a potential carcinogen.
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11. Toxicological Information (Continued)
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: preexisting diseases of the
respiratory tract, nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver or
gastrointestinal tract.
Acute Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 (Rat) = 100 mg/kg
Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) = 225-300 mg/kg
Inhalation LC50 (Rat) = 200 ppm/4 hr., 1100 ppm vapor/1 hr
Chronic Effects: based on experimental animal data, may cause changes to
genetic material; adverse effects on the developing fetus or on reproduction at
doses that were toxic to the mother. Methyltoxy is classified by IARC as group
2B and by NTP as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. OSHA
regulates Methyltoxy as a potential carcinogen.
12. Ecological Information
LC50 (Fathead Minnows) = 9 mg/L/96 hr.
EC50 (Daphnia) = 8.6 mg/L/48 hr.
Bioaccumulation is not expected to be significant.
This product is readily biodegradable.
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13. Disposal Considerations
As sold, this product, when discarded or disposed of, is a hazardous waste
according to Federal regulations (40 CFR 261). It is listed as Hazardous
Waste Number Z000, listed due to its toxicity.
The transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of this waste material
must be conducted in compliance with 40 CFR 262, 263, 264, 268 and
270. Disposal can occur only in properly permitted facilities. Refer to state
and local requirements for any additional requirements, as these may be
different from Federal laws and regulations.
Chemical additions, processing or otherwise altering this material may
make waste management information presented in the SDS incomplete,
inaccurate or otherwise inappropriate.
14. Transport Information
U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
Proper Shipping Name: Methyltoxy
Hazard Class: 3, 6.1
UN/NA Number: UN0000
Packing Group: PG 2
Labels Required: Flammable Liquid and Toxic
International Maritime Organization (IMDG)
Proper Shipping Name: Methyltoxy
Hazard Class: 3 Subsidiary 6.1
UN/NA Number: UN0000
Packing Group: PG 2
Labels Required: Flammable Liquid and Toxic
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15. Regulatory Information
U.S. Federal Regulations
Comprehensive Environmental Response and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA):
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA):
Clean Water Act (CWA):
Clean Air Act (CAA):
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
Title III Information:
SARA Section 311/312 (40 CFR 370) Hazard Categories:
Immediate Hazard: X
Delayed Hazard: X
Fire Hazard: X
Pressure Hazard:
Reactivity Hazard:
Component CAS Number Maximum %
Methyltoxy
000-00-0
80
State Regulations
California:
Component
Methyltoxy
CAS Number Maximum %
000-00-0
80
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15. Regulatory Information
International Regulations
Canadian Environmental Protection Act:
Canadian Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS):
European Inventory of Existing Chemicals (EINECS):
EU Classification:
Phrases:
R11: Highly flammable.
R23/24/25: Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R37/38: Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R41: Risk of serious damage to eyes.
16. Other Information
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Ratings: This information is
intended solely for the use of individuals trained in the NFPA system.
Health: 3
Flammability: 3
Reactivity: 0
Revision Indicator: New SDS
Disclaimer: The information contained herein is accurate to the best of our
knowledge. ABC Inc. makes no warranty of any kind, express or implied,
concerning the safe use of this material in your process or in combination
with other substances.
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OLD HCS 1994 MSDS ELEMENTS
1.
Identity
2.
Physical and chemical characteristics
3.
Physical hazards
4.
Health hazards
5.
Primary Routes of Entry
6.
OSHA/ACGIH PELs
7.
National Toxicology Program on Carcinogens
8.
Safe handling precautions
9.
Control measures
10.
Emergency procedures
11.
Date of SDS preparation
12.
Name, address, telephone number
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Information & Training
r When to train:
1. Initial assignment
2. Whenever a new hazard is introduced
r Information includes:
1.
2.
3.
The requirements of the HCS 2012;
Any operations in their work area where hazardous chemicals are
present; and,
The location and availability of the written hazard communication
program, including the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals, and
SDSs required by the HCS.
r Specific training for those who work with hazardous chemical:
1. Methods and observations used to detect hazardous chemicals.
2. Physical and health hazards, simple asphyxiation, combustible dust,
and pyrophoric gas hazards, and hazards not otherwise classified.
3. Measures employees take to protect themselves.
4. Specific company hazard communication program procedures.
5. May train hazards by group.
r Best Training Methods
Demonstrate proper use of PPE and how to use the chemical.
Ask the employee questions to make sure they understand.
Train where the chemical will be used.
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OSHA Inspections
What the compliance officer will inspect:
• The written program
• Who’s responsible?
• Proper labeling
• Safety Data Sheets
• Information and Training
• “What are the procedures for...”?
Trade Secrets
Manufacturer, distributor cannot withhold chemical identity from health
professional in an emergency.
Getting started
1. Become familiar with the standard.
2. Identify responsible staff.
3. Identify hazardous chemicals in your workplace.
4. Prepare and implement a written plan.
5. Prepare and conduct a training program.
6. Monitor the program. Revise as needed.
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REFERENCE MATERIALS
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This material is for training use only
Grouping Hazardous Chemicals
If your company uses many chemicals in the normal course of work, it may be
impractical to train employees on each chemical to which they may be exposed. The
hazard communication standard does allow employers to group chemicals by
hazardous characteristics for the purpose of SDS maintenance and training. On the
following pages are examples of hazardous chemical groupings. It is extremely
important that employees who use hazardous chemicals on a regular basis are
familiar with handling procedures, associated hazards, proper personal protective
equipment, and emergency procedures for those chemicals. In an emergency, you
will probably not have time to review response actions in the SDS. Bottom line...
know your chemicals and know emergency procedures.
Note: The following are examples only and may not be appropriate for your
workplace. Be sure to develop hazardous chemical groupings based on the specific
chemicals in use by your employer.
Credits
Portions of the information on the effects and forms of chemicals were provided in
this workbook were obtained with permission from the manual, Chemical Health
Hazards in the Oregon Forest Products Industry, University of Oregon Labor and
Education Research Center, June 1991. Information is for training purposes only.
Information of the various hazard groupings were obtained with permission from,
HAZCOM, A Guide to the Hazard Communication Program of Kaiser Permanente Northwest Region, 3rd edition, 1994. Information is for training purposes only.
© Geigle Safety Group Inc., Course 705 - Hazard Communication Program
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This material is for training use only
Alcohol
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A colorless liquid that evaporates quickly and has a strong odor.
Can be burned as fuel or used as a cleaning, disinfecting agent or solvent. Is the
intoxicant ingredient in liquor (ethyl alcohol).
These are extremely flammable liquids
Ingestion: Long-term chronic effects have been well known (liver damage,
dizziness, nausea, and blindness).
Inhalation: Concentrated amounts can produce similar effects to ingestion.
Skin/Eye contact: Vapors can cause eye irritation and extended contact with skin
causes drying, chapping, and dermatitis.
Chronic effects: Can cause degenerative changes in liver, kidney and brain.
Gastritis and cirrhosis of the liver are possible. Known to be a CNS and
respiratory depressant.
Precautions
with use
Do not store large quantities of alcohol anywhere except in flammable-proof
storage cabinet or area.
Avoid prolonged inhalation of any vapors.
Extremely volatile liquids (meaning they easily evaporate), so keep in closed
containers.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Ethyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol (Isopropanol)
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Chemotherapy Drugs
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
Drugs are used in treatment of cancer patients. Can be liquid, powder, or tablet
form.
Medical treatment of patients.
No physical hazards.
Highly toxic.
All are known to cause cancer in animals and are considered to be potential
cancer agents in humans.
May be absorbed through the skin.
May cause eye problems and possible skin irritation.
Precautions
with use
Use Biological Safety Cabinet for preparation.
Wash thoroughly before eating, drinking, or smoking.
No eating, drinking smoking, chewing gum, applying cosmetics or storage of food
near preparation area.
All used equipment should be placed in Hazardous Waste Container for
incineration.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
CEENU
Cytoxan
Platinol
© Geigle Safety Group Inc., Course 705 - Hazard Communication Program
Mexate
Megace
Mutamycin
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Compressed Gases
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
Precautions
with use
A gas or mixture of gases having, in container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40
psi at 70 deg. F., or an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130 deg. F., or a
liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100 deg. F.
Medical gases.
Can be "explosive" if the gases escape quickly due to broken valves.
They may be flammable or support combustion (i.e., oxygen).
Inhalation concerns.
Frostbite.
Protect cylinders from physical damage. Do not allow temperatures to exceed 130
degrees F.
Store upright.
Well ventilated area is extremely important.
When a spill or leak occurs, get exposed individual to fresh air, loosen their
clothing.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Nitrous Oxide: Risk from chronic exposure. Environment should be regularly
monitored to ensure that employees are not exposed to hazardous vapor
concentrations. Possible problem in recovery rooms from patients exhaling.
Oxygen: Prolonged breathing of high concentrations may lead to toxic effects
involving the lungs, central nervous system, and eyes.
Nitrogen: Can cause suffocation without warning by reduction of the oxygen level
in the air.
Ethylene Oxide: Can cause frostbite through skin or eye contact. Contact lenses
should not be worn. This is considered to be a cancer and reproductive hazard.
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Corrosives
Definition
Corrosives: Liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in
human skin tissue at the site of contact.
Acid: Any compound that can react with a base to form a salt. pH: <7 (corrosive = 1-3).
Base: Any substance that removes hydrogen ions from an acid and combines with it in a
chemical reaction. pH: >7 (corrosive 11-14)
Uses
Acid: Cleaning metals and other products; chemical reactions.
Base: Manufacturing soap, chemical synthesis, washing powders, household drainpipe
cleaning agents, blood sugar testing tablets.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
As the pH moves closer to "1" or "14", the more corrosive the properties.
Generally considered to be nonflammable.
Very reactive with each other and other chemicals.
Health
Hazards
Ingestion: Causes severe and rapid skin damage, being destructive to any tissue. A
corrosive chemical product causes more serious burns of the esophagus and upper GI
than the granular products.
Inhalation: Fumes from either concentrate can be irritating to respiratory tract.
Skin or Eye Contact: All can burn the skin and are dependent on concentration and
duration of contact. This category can produce some of the most severe chemical eye
injuries -- conjunctivitis or corneal destruction.
Effects of these chemicals are usually so immediate with concentrated chemicals that
chronic effects are just residuals of corrosive damage.
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Never mix with other chemicals without proper procedures -- poisonous gases can be
released through chemical reactions. Use concentrated solutions in well-ventilated areas
(i.e., under hoods for some acids). Avoid any prolonged exposure to diluted substances.
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Sulfuric acid
Ammonia
Hydrochloric acid
Bleach (Clorox)
Toilet bowl cleaners
Oven cleaners
© Geigle Safety Group Inc., Course 705 - Hazard Communication Program
Nitric acid
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Flammables
Definition
Flammable liquids have a flashpoint below 100 F. Flashpoint means the minimum
temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite.
Flammable gases are gases which will ignite at less than 13% air or whose upper
flammability limit is more than 12% of its lower limit.
Flammable aerosols yield a flame projection exceeding 18 inches at full valve
opening, or a flashback at any degree of valve opening.
Flammable solid is a solid other than a blasting agent or explosive that is liable to
cause fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, or
retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or which can be ignited readily and
when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard. It
ignites and burns with a self-sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an
inch per second along its major axis.
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Medical gases. Fuels. Solvents.
Important to know the flammability of gases -- but if unknown, treat as flammable.
Usually all gases are explosive due to the fact they are compressed.
Important to know flashpoint of products as they present a very real fire hazard if
present in open containers near an ignition source.
Health
Hazards
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Inhalation concerns, irritants to both eyes and skin.
Well-ventilated area is extremely important.
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Combustible Liquids:
Phenol, mineral spirits, methyl cellosolve, fuel oils
Flammable Liquids:
Gasoline, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol
Flammable Gases:
Butane, propane
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Heavy Metals
Definition
Uses
Heavy metal salts are very poisonous if taken internally because they destroy
protein in the body.
Found in a variety of products (see info on specific metals).
Heavy metals are considered to be a major problem in the environment.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
There are often unrecognized, poorly treated and severe chronic and
accumulative side effects.
Primary route of entry is ingestion -- good hygiene is important on the job.
The body is unable to rid itself of many of these heavy metals and they can
accumulate and interfere with normal cellular functions.
Precautions
with use
Good hygiene is imperative -- poisoning can result with careless, repeated
massive skin contact.
Careful waste disposal methods are essential to prevent environmental
pollution.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Lead: Found in old paints. Colored comics in newspapers. Colored inserts in
magazines. Storage batteries. Antiknock in gasolines.
Lead Arsenite and Arsenite: Found in pesticides. Can be exposed through
inhalation.
Zinc: Often found in deodorants or disinfectants. Inhalation can result from
welding, causing fevers, chills, vomiting.
Mercury:
Free metal -- ingesting is little threat.
Inhalation: extreme hazard resulting in chronic effects if
mercury spill is not cleaned up appropriately.
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Oxidizers
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A chemical that initiates or promotes combustion in other materials.
Varied.
It is not combustible, but it produces heat upon reaction with combustibles and
may cause ignition. Increases the flammability of combustible, organic, and
readily oxidizable materials.
Inhalation: Vapors are corrosive and irritating to the respiratory tract. Inhalation of
mist may burn the mucous membrane of the nose and throat.
Ingestion: Corrosive and irritating to the mouth, throat and abdomen. Large doses
may cause symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as
blistering or tissue destruction.
Skin Contact: Irritating in contact with the skin. Symptoms may include
discoloration of skin and pain.
Eye Contact: Vapors are very corrosive and irritating to the eyes. Symptoms
include pain, redness, blurred vision. Splashes may cause tissue destruction.
Chronic Effects: Persons with pre-existing skin disorders or eye problems or
impaired respiratory function may be more susceptible to the effects of the
substance.
Precautions
with use
Use in well-ventilated areas.
Maintain eye wash fountain and shower facilities in work area.
Store in a cool, well-ventilated dark area separated from combustible substances,
reducing agents, strong bases, and organics.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Examples
Hydrogen Peroxide, 30%
Bleach
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Petroleum
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
An oily, liquid solution, yellowish-green to black in color, occurring naturally in
some rock formations. Distillation yields paraffin, kerosene, benzene, naptha,
fuel oil, gasoline, etc.
Wide uses as fuel sources, refrigerants, propellants, pesticides, lubricants,
solvents, degreasers, food additives.
General liquids which will burn and can explode.
Vapors have been known to expand and split unvented containers.
Inhalation: If prolonged, can cause a pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and
hemorrhage.
Skin Contact: Can cause dermatitis (diesel fuel tends to be more irritating
because of additives).
Chronic Effects: Include anesthetic and central nervous system depression as
well as lung damage.
Precautions
with use
Appropriate storage and venting of containers is necessary.
Use in well-ventilated areas and avoid prolonged inhalation.
Wash off skin as soon as possible after contact.
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Kerosene
Fuel oil
Gasoline
Lighter Fluid
Paraffin mixtures
High Vacuum Grease
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Pesticides
Definition
Uses
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Health
Hazards
A spray mixture used to kill insects, spiders, rodents, or other pests.
Used to eliminate pests.
Many are aerosol products and can rocket or explode in heat or fire.
Inhalation: Product spray mist or fog may cause irritation to nose, throat and lungs
if adequate ventilation is not employed.
Chronic Effects: Aspiration of material into lungs can cause chemical pneumonitis
which can be fatal.
Pre-existing skin, eye, and lung disorders may be aggravated by exposure to
these products.
Precautions
with use
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Use with adequate ventilation.
Wash hands with soap and water before eating, smoking, drinking, or using toilet
facilities.
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
Raid House and Garden Bug Killer
Insect Killer
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Solvents
Definition
Uses
An organic substance used for dissolving another substance.
Are an important part of everyday life.
Found in housekeeping, maintenance, hobby activities, and labs.
Physical Properties
and Hazards
Nearly all will burn and explode.
Volatile solvents evaporate readily, with a small amount of liquid making a large
amount of vapor or gas.
Many solvent vapors are heavier than air and sink to the floor.
Health
Hazards
May be the obscure cause of vague symptoms or serious disability -- all are
toxic to varying degrees.
Inhalation: Can cause damage to lungs or kidneys in high concentrations -have a rapid narcotic, anesthetic action.
Skin/Eye Contact: All can cause dermatitis by their action in removing normal
skin oils by sensitizing and all will irritate the eye.
Chronic Effects: many can cause cumulative systemic damage by repeated
exposures to low but unsafe concentrations. Target organs -- blood and blood
forming organs, liver, kidneys, nervous system.
Precautions
with use
Use out doors or in well-ventilated area.
Avoid splashes.
Wash hands well after use and before eating or smoking.
Keep pilot lights, sparking motors, cigarettes, or other ignition sources at a
distance (volatile solvents evaporate readily).
Personal
Protective
Equipment
Examples
Follow SDS guidelines for specific chemicals.
2-butoxyethanol (Carpet protector, Formula 510, True Blue).
1,1,1,-trichloroethane (Stainless steel cleaner)
Acetone
Trichlorofluoroethane (Freon)
© Geigle Safety Group Inc., Course 705 - Hazard Communication Program
Xylene
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Training Hazard Communication
Each employee who may be “exposed” to hazardous chemicals when working must
be provided information and trained prior to initial assignment to work with a
hazardous chemical, and whenever the hazard changes. “Exposure” or “exposed”
under the rule means that “an employee is subjected to a hazardous chemical in the
course of employment through any route of entry (inhalation, ingestion, skin contact
or absorption, etc.) and includes potential (e.g., accidental or possible) exposure.”
Information and training may be done either by individual chemical, or by categories
of hazards (such as flammability, insecticides, herbicides, or shop chemicals).
Information and training is a critical part of the hazard communication program.
Information regarding hazards and protective measures are provided to workers
through written labels and Safety Data Sheets.
Through effective information and training, workers will learn to read and understand
such information, determine how it can be obtained and used in their own
workplaces, and understand the risks of exposure to the chemicals in their workplaces
as well as the ways to protect themselves.
You want to create a climate where workers feel free to ask questions. This will help
you to ensure that the information is understood. Remember that the underlying
purpose of the hazard communication rule is to reduce the incidence of chemical
source illnesses and injuries. This will be accomplished by modifying behavior
through the provision of hazard information and information about protective
measures.
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Hazard Communication Training Program Audit
―Does the training cover all types of harmful chemicals employees may come in
contact with under normal usage and foreseeable emergencies?
―Are your workers familiar with the different types of chemicals and the major
hazards associated with them (i.e. solvents, pesticides, corrosives)?
―Are your employees aware of specific requirements in the CFR 1910.1200 Hazard
Communication Rules (Written hazard communication program, labeling, SDSs)?
―Does your program train employees in operations where hazardous chemicals are
present and the location and availability of your written hazard communication
program, including lists of chemicals and SDSs?
―Does your training program include the explanation of labels and warnings that
have been established in their work area?
―Do your employees understand methods to detect the presence or release of
chemicals in the workplace?
―Does your training program provide information on appropriate first aid
procedures in the event of an emergency?
―Does the training include explanation of SDSs, and how employees can obtain and
use the information?
―Have you worked out a system to ensure that new employees are trained?
―Have you developed a system to make sure that additional training is provided if a
new hazardous substance is introduced into the work area?
―Do you have a system to ensure that current (up-to-date) SDSs are in work areas
where the chemicals are used?
―If you become aware of new hazards relating to the chemical in use, do you have a
system for informing employees?
―If you have employees who only perform hand labor operations, have you
provided them with the OSHA brochure, information as to work areas where
chemicals are present, access to the written program, access to the SDSs and met the
training requirements of the Worker Protection Standard?
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Optional Handout
The heaviest element known to science was recently discovered.
Investigators at a major research institution recently discovered the heaviest element
known to science and have tentatively named it Administratium.
Administratium has no protons or electrons, thus having an atomic number of 0. It has,
however, 1 neutron, 125 assistant neutrons, 75 vice neutrons and 111 assistant vice
neutrons, giving it an atomic mass of 312.
These 312 particles are held together by a force that involves the continuous exchange
of meson-like particles called morons. They are surrounded by vast quantities of
lepton-like particles called peons.
Since it has no electrons, Administratium is inert. However, it cannot be deleted
chemically, as it impedes every reaction it comes into contact with. According to the
discoverers, a minute amount of Administratium caused one reaction to take over four
days to complete when it would have normally occurred in less than a second.
Administratium has a half-life of approximately three years. However, it does not
decay in the usual way, but instead undergoes a reorganization in which a portion of
the assistant neutrons, vice neutrons and assistant vice neutrons exchange places. In
fact, Administratium's mass
will actually increase over time, since with each reorganization some of the morons
inevitably become neutrons, forming new isotopes. This characteristic of moron
promotion leads some scientists to speculate that Administratium is spontaneously
formed whenever moron concentration reaches a certain level.
This hypothetical quantity is referred to as the Critical Morass.
© Geigle Safety Group Inc., Course 705 - Hazard Communication Program
50