Transcript SOL 4 China
WHI: SOL 4a-f China Ancient China • The Silk Road facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome. • • • • • Contributions of classical China Civil service system Paper Porcelain Silk Classical Age • Migratory invaders raided Chinese settlements from the north. Shi Huangdi built the Great Wall as a line of defense against invasions. China was governed by a succession of ruling families called dynasties. Chinese rulers were considered divine, but they served under a Mandate of Heaven only as long as their rule was just. Qin Dynasty • 221 bc- Zheng creates the Qin dynasty and names himself Shi Huangdi “First Emperor” • Shi Huangdi- used Legalist philosophy, harsh, strict ruler • Ended feudalism(social system with land and power given to nobles) • Standardized weights and measures • Use of coins • Transportation system Legalism • Created by Hanfeizi • “the nature of man is evil” • Greed is the motive for most actions and the cause of most conflicts • Order can only be achieved through strict laws and harsh punishments Qin Dynasty • Greatest Achievements of Shi Huangdi: • Built the Great Wall of China to keep out invaders from the North – Symbol of Chinese power and organization • Buried with Terracotta Army – Symbol of military strength and power Han Dynasty • 202 b.c.-220 a.d., established by Gao Zu • Emperor Wudi (longest Han ruler) – Improved transportation system – Government monopoly on iron and salt (no tax on peasants) – Expansionism (expanding the country) [Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet and central Asia] • Silk Road trade-over 4,000 miles long, traded silk for products from India, Central Asia, and Europe • Civil Service System- people in the government were well-educated and promoted based on merit Han Dynasty • Achievements: – Medicine – Acupuncture – Astronomy – Technology – Arts – Bronze – Porcelain – Jade Confucianism • Belief that humans are good, not bad • Respect for elders • Filial piety- respect for parents and family above all • Code of politeness (still used in Chinese society today) • Emphasis on education • Ancestor worship • Five Relationships-correct behavior • Analects- books of Confucian teachings Five Relationships • • • • • • Ruler to subject Parent to child Husband to wife Elder to younger Friend=Friend Superiors should set a good example and take care of inferiors • Inferiors should be loyal and obedient to superiors Taoism • • • • • • Humility Simple life and inner peace Harmony with nature** Created by Lao Zi Holy Book: “The Way of Virtue” Yin and yang represented opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.