Transcript China and Japan

China and Japan
Imperialism Challenges and Changes
East Asia forever!
1800-1914
Quick Write:
1. What are 4 reasons why European
countries would want to Imperialize
East Asia?
2. What were some lasting effects of
Imperialism in this region?
China: Before
• Constructed the Great Wall and Forbidden
City (Imperial City)
• Extended Families
– Women inferior to men
– Family expected to provide for all its members
(education, food, clothing, etc)
• Government controlled/run by dynasties
(Would last for 200+ years)
– Ming and Qing
Forbidden City
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
• Population rose (Stability, food
production, faster growing species of
rice)
• Expanded territories
• Some contacts with the West
(Europe) through trade and
exploration
• Cultural: Art, Language, Literature
• Closed the door to their country to
all European 1500-1800=Isolate
-WHY?
So how did it all come to
an end?????
Decline sets in
• Ming Dynasty 1368-1644
• Qing Dynasty 1644-1911
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Humiliated by Western influence and power
Pressure to change culture by the West
Corruption
Unrest by the peasants (Much like the French
Revolution: they had enough!!)
Rapid population growth (1900=400 million)
Famine, not enough food, etc
Lack of Western technology (Ships, guns, etc)
Trade imbalance (Exported way more than they
imported)
Smart Start
• Explain why European
Countries are so
invested in
Imperializing Asia.
(Provide 4 reasons)
Wars and Rebellions
• Opium War (1839-1842)
– British has long relationship with China
Though only on a small outlet in Canton
-British began to want more than this
-British had trade imbalance (They
imported more goods from China than
they exported to China)
Examples: Tea, Silk, Porcelain
Sent Indian Cotton to help pay for
these, though was not enough debt
Britain really loves tea!
Gotta have the tea!
• Soon cotton was not enough, started to
pay with Silver
• Tried to talk with Chinese officials to help
the trade imbalance, but no agreement was
settled
• Britain turns to Opium to get the tea
• Chinese officials see the danger of this:
Appealed to the British government on
moral grounds
• Britain refused to stop the Opium trade
• Chinese blockaded British ships from
trading chests filled with Opium
• Thus began the Opium War
Letter to Britain’s Queen
Victoria from Chinese
Government
“ Suppose there were people from
another country who carried opium
for sale to England and seduced your
people into buying and smoking it;
certainly your honorable rule would
deeply hate it and be bitterly
aroused.”
What is the message the
Chinese are trying to send to
Queen Victoria?
Perspectives on the
Opium Wars
How does the War turn
out?
• Chinese no match for the powerful
British navy and army
• Made the Treaty of Nanjing
– Opened 5 coastal ports to British trade
– Limited taxes on British imports into
China
– China had to pay for the war (RIGHT?)
– Gave up the Island of Hong Kong (China
did not get this back until 1997)
– Legalize the selling of Opium (Destroys
generations and cultural values, etc)
Tai Ping and Boxer Rebellion
• Tai ping Rebellion:
– Chinese government could not deal with the
aftermath of the war
– Economy going down
– Wanted to end the Qing Dynasty
– Social reforms needed (Equal rights of men and
women, peasants get land, Give up private
possessions, everyone shares everything….early
communism)
– Lasted 10 years
– Millions killed during this rebellion
– Ended when European powers helped the Qing
Dynasty (WHY would they help?)
Efforts at Reform?
Open Door Policy (1889)
* US and Britain feared other nations would
take over China
• Keep China “Safe”
• Effect of the Open Door Policy (China
became a 7-11 to the world. Anyone could
come in, take what they needed, but could
not take it over completely)
• Created by the US (John Hay)
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• Hated all foreigners in China
• Practiced Shadowboxing to dodge bullets
• Especially hated Christian Missionaries
who were destroying Chinese culture
• Went on a rampage killing spree
• European powers (Britain, Germany,
France, Russian, Japanese) Plus US
stopped the rebellion
»WHY?
»Again China had to
pay for damages
China Falls to dangerous
hands
• Qing dynasty ends in 1911
• Civil war breaks out
• China did gain new modern technologies
from the West (Transportation and
communication)
• Chinese culture struggled with confusion
over old traditional ways and new western
ways
• Eventually will fall into the hands of Japan
worse than any European power!!
STOP…JAPAN TIME!!!
• Complete the Graphic organizer on
page 486 (20 minutes)
• Western influence on Japanese Culture
Japan Rises to Power
• Japan followed the model of Western
powers by expanding its foreign influence.
• Japan had been
isolated for 200
years until the US
demanded trade.
Japan plays the game
• The emperor was
determined to modernize
his country.
• By 1890, Japan was the
strongest military power
in Asia.
Japan makes agreements
• Japan makes agreements with US and
other European nations to open ports
for trade
• Unpopular with most of Japanese
society (saw what happened to China)
• Reform needed to be done
– Be like the ones that attack you. Use
their knowledge and advancements
against them
Meji restoration
• Base government and political system on
the what the West does
• Sent out agents to study governments of
Germany, France, Britain, US
• Created new land tax, new land reform
• Industrialization took place
• New strong army
• Education for all (universal)
Japan ready to expand!
• They too needed resources
• Annexed Korea
• Expanded and conquered part of China
(easy to do with them fighting each other)
• Went to war with Russia and WON!!!
• Rival to US
• Used Western tactics to become a
MAJOR WORLD POWER AND A
DANGEROUS ONE AT THAT!!!!
Work Cited
• Glencoe Modern World History
textbook (Chapter 15)