Dynasties PowerPoint
Download
Report
Transcript Dynasties PowerPoint
Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, 221206 B.C.E.
Established China’s first empire
Shi Huangdi (221-206 B.C.E)
Legalist rule
Bureaucratic administration
Centralized control
Military expansion
Book burnings targeted
Confucianists
Buried protestors alive!
Built large section of the Great Wall
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
The Great Wall with Towers
The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai
Pass
Han Dynasty, 206
B.C.E.-220 C.E.
“People of the Han” original Chinese
Paper invented [105 B.C.E.]
Silk Road trade develops; improves life for many
Buddhism introduced into China
Expanded into Central Asia
Chang’an
The Han Capital
Emperor Wudi, 141-87
B.C.E.
Started public schools.
Colonized Manchuria,
Korea, & Vietnam.
Civil service system
bureaucrats
Confucian scholar-gentry
Revival of Chinese
landscape painting.
Trade Routes of the Ancient World
Sui Dynasty, 581-618
C.E.
“Land Equalization” System land
redistribution.
Unified coinage.
Grand Canal constructed.
Established an army of professional
soldiers.
People were overworked and
overtaxed!
The Grand Canal
The Grand Canal
Today
Tang Dynasty, 618-907
C.E.
Imperial examination system perfected.
Liberal attitude towards all religions.
Spread of Buddhism in China
Golden Age of foreign relations with
other countries.
Japan, Korea, Persia
Tang Government
Organization
Tang Dynasty, 618-907
C.E.
New technologies:
Printing moveable print
Porcelain
Gunpowder
Mechanical clocks
More cosmopolitan culture.
Reestablished the safety of the
Silk Road.
Tea comes into China from Southeast Asia.
Empress Wu Zetian,
624-705
The only female Empress in China’s
history who ruled alone.
Searched for outstanding individuals
to attract to her court.
Construction of new irrigation
systems.
Buddhism was the favored state
religion.
Financed the building of many
Buddhist temples.
BUT… She appointed cruel and sadistic
ministers to seek out her enemies.
Foot-Binding in Tang
China
Broken toes by 3 years of age.
Size 5 ½ shoe
on the right
Foot-Binding in Tang
China
Mothers bound their daughters’ feet.
Foot-Binding in Tang
China
For upper-class girls,
it became a new
custom.
The Results of FootBinding
Song [Sung] Dynasty,
960-1279 C.E.
Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.
Increased emphasis on education & cheaper
availability of printed books.
Magnetic compass
makes China a great
sea power!
Rice Cultivation Began Under the Song
Mongolian Steppes
Xinjiang Region – Typical Uygher [Mongol]
“Yurt”
Mongol Invasions
The MONGOLS
[“Golden Horde”]
Temujin --> Genghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”]
1162 - 1227
from the steppe [dry, grass-covered plains
of Central Asia]
The MONGOLS
[“Golden Horde”]
Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:
If you do not pay homage,
we will take your prosperity.
If you do not have prosperity,
we will take your children.
If you do not have children,
we will take your wife.
If you do not have a wife,
we will take your head.
Used cruelty as a weapon some areas never
recovered from Mongol destruction!
The Extent of the Mongol Empire
Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty,
1279-1368 C.E.
Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]
Pax Mongolica [“Mongol Peace”]
Tolerated Chinese culture
but lived apart from them.
No Chinese in top govt. posts.
Believed foreigner were more
trustworthy.
Encouraged foreign trade &
foreign merchants to live and work
in China.
Marco Polo
Marco Polo (12541324)
A Venetian merchant.
Traveled through Yuan
China: 1271-1295
“Black Stones” [coal]
Gunpowder.
Noodles.
Marco Polo’s Travels
Yuan Dynasty, 12791368 C.E.
The Black Plague was spread by the
Mongols in the mid-14c.
Sent fleets against Japan.
1281 150,000 warriors
Defeated by kamikazi [“winds of the gods”]
Kublai Khan experienced several
humiliating defeats in Southeast Asia
late in his life.
China’s last native imperial dynasty!
The Forbidden City: China’s New
Capital
Revived the Civil Service Exam
Ming Cultural Revolution
Printing & Literacy
Culture & Art
Cheap, popular books:
Increased literacy
leads to increased
woodblock printing.
interest in cultural
cheap paper.
expressions, ideas,
Examination system.
and things:
Leads to explosion in
Literature.
literacy.
Painting.
Leads to further
Ceramics.
popularization of the
Opera.
commercial market.
Ming Silver Market
Spanish Silver Convoys
Triangle route:
Philippines to China to Japan.
Silver floods Chinese Market:
Causes devaluation of currency & recession
Adds to reasons for Chinese immigration
overseas.
Reduces price of Chinese goods in Europe
Increases interest in Chinese culture & ideas in
Europe.
Helps fund conquest of New World
Encourages Europeans in conquest & trade.
Ming Emperor Tai Zu (r.
1368-1398)
Admiral Zheng He
(Cheng Ho)
Ming “Treasure Fleet”
Each ship 400’ long & 160’ wide
1371-1435
Admiral Zheng He
(Cheng Ho)
China’s “Columbus?”
1498 --> Da Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port.
Ming Painting and
Calligraphy, early 16c
Imperial China’s Impact on
History
Removed religion from morality.
Beginnings of political philosophy
through which a ruler must prove
he/she is legitimate.
Mandate of Heaven
Secular law.
Valued history The Dynastic Cycle