Transcript Imperial China Collapses Ch. 14.3

Imperial China Collapses
Ch. 14.3
After the fall of the Qing dynasty, nationalist and
Communist movements struggle for power.
Opium Wars
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The Qing Dynasty
last ruling dynasty of China from 1644 to
1912
Chinese Dynasties date back 4,000
years
The following is a list of Chinese
Dynasties:
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Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE - 1766 BCE
Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE - 1027 BCE
Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE plus suppliment
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE - 206 BCE
Early Han Dynasty 206 BCE - 9 AD
Xin Dynasty 9 AD - 24 AD
Later Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD
Three Kingdoms - Period of Disunion 220 AD - 280
AD
Sui Dynasty 589 AD - 618 AD
Tang Dynasty 618 AD - 907 AD
Sung Dynasty 969 AD - 1279 AD
Yuan Dyansty 1279 AD - 1368 AD
Ming Dynasty 1368 AD - 1644 AD
Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD - 1912 AD
Nationalists Overthrow Qing
Dynasty
A New Power
In the early 1900s (20th century),
many Chinese wanted change
in China.
- They resented foreign nations
control of China (Imperialists)
- Many Chinese wanted to
modernize China
Kuomintang—Nationalist Party
of China—calls for
modernization & an end to
foreign control
Sun Yixian—first great leader of
Nationalist Party
• In 1911, Sun Yixian led the
Nationalists & overthrow Qing
dynasty
Shaky Start for the New Republic
In 1912, Sun takes control as
president
• Backs three principles:
1. nationalism 2. democracy
3. economic security
• Sun did not have the backing of
the military, so Sun turns the
presidency over to Yuan Shikai
• Yuan Shikai betrays to democratic
ideals of the revolution.
• No national agreement on rule;
civil war breaks out in 1916
• Warlords take control of territories
as large as their armies could
conquer
Nationalists Overthrow Qing
Dynasty
World War I Spells More Problems
• China enters war against Germany
hoping to gain land held by
Germans
• Treaty of Versailles gives German
colonies in China to Japan
• On May 4, 1919, angry students
protest this agreement
May Fourth Movement—nationalist
movement that spreads across
China
• Many young nationalists turn
against Sun Yixian
The Communist Party in China
Rise of a New Leader
• Mao Zedong—helps form
Chinese Communist Party in
1921
Lenin Befriends China
• In 1923, Lenin helps
Nationalists, who agree to
work with Communists
Peasants Align with the
Communists
• Jiang Jieshi (Chang Kai
Shek)—Nationalist leader
(Kuomintang) after Sun
dies—opposes communism
• Peasants see no gain for them
in Jiang’s plans, they back
Communists
The Communist Party in China
Nationalists and Communists
Clash
• In 1927, Nationalists kill
Communists, unionists in
Shanghai
• In 1928, Jiang becomes
president; Communists resist
his rule
Civil War Rages in China
between _________?
Hostility Becomes War
• By 1930, civil war rages;
Mao recruits a peasant,
guerrilla army
Civil War Rages in China
The Long March
• In 1933, Jiang’s huge army surrounds
outnumbered Communists
Long March—Communists’ 6,000-mile
journey to safety in north
• Of 100,000 Communists, 7,000 or 8,000
survive the march, including Mao
Civil War Suspended
• Seeing chaos in China, Japan launches
all-out invasion in 1937
• Nationalists and Communists join
together to fight Japan
*footnote: after WWII (1945), Communists
and Nationalists resume their fighting.
- In 1949, China becomes a Communist
nation
The Communists Transform
China
Communists Claim a New “Mandate of
Heaven”
• Chinese Communists organize national
government and Communist Party
Mao’s Brand of Marxist Socialism
• Mao takes property from landowners and
divides it among peasants
• Government seizes private companies and
plans production increase
“Little Red Book” was published by the
Government of the People’s Republic of
China from April 1964 until approximately
1976. As its title implies, it is a collection of
quotations excerpted from Mao’s past
speeches and publications