Transcript PPT
Ancient China Empires & Philosophies Shang Dynasty • From (1750 – 1045 B.C.) mostly farming society • Aristocracy—wealth based on land and power that is passed down • Archaeologists found evidence of cities, palaces, tombs, city walls Political and Social Structures King controlled land and large armies Buried with corpses of servants in tombs Communicate with gods by oracle bones (Turn to Pg. 90) Religion and Culture Belief in afterlife human sacrifices Veneration of ancestors “ancestor worship”, spirits of ancestors could bring good or evil fortune to family Shang are most remembered for bronze casting Zhou Dynasty • From (1045 – 256 B.C.) longest dynasty • Defeated Shang after their ruler ruined morale of nation Political Structures Continued aristocracy King was the link between heaven and earth Mandate of Heaven Mandate = authority King ruled over humanity, keeping order through goodness Dao = “proper way” keeping gods pleased Decline --403 B.C. Civil war broke out b/w Zhou and Qin --Iron weapons were stronger than bronze Decline --Introduction of infantry (foot soldiers), cavalry (horseback), and invention of crossbow changed warfare in China. --Qin dynasty took over in 221 B.C. Life, Family, Technology a. Trading was a means of money salt, iron, silk, and cloth b. By 6th century, irrigation, iron plows c. Filial Piety—duty of family members --work together --Male dominated society --Women worked at home; participate in politics Confucius Lived from 551 to 479 B.C. He wanted to improve society and achieve good government Confucius 5 Relationships to obey between: 1.Ruler and Subject 2.Father and Son 3.Husband and Wife 4.Siblings (brother) 5.Friend and Friend Confucius • Be sincere, polite, and unselfish • Obey and respect laws and traditions • Work hard and respect learning Opium Wars (1839 – 1842) Opium—From the plant Papaver somniferum;contains morphine and alkaloid(cocaine) Chinese would not trade with western nations, British smuggled from India Opium Wars (1839 – 1842) Chinese gov’t tried to stop the trade of opium but no one obeyed (addicted) 1839, Chinese destroyed millions of dollars worth of opium. British won; Treaty of Nanking gave Hong Kong to England.