Transcript cicero conclusionx

Cicero: A Conclusion
Let’s Review: Career
• born in 106 BC
• advanced through cursus honorum – a
novus homo
• 80 BC – he defended Roscius in a
politically delicate case (Hortensius, #1
prosecutor; C had to defend an anti-Sullan)
• 69 BC – prosecuted Verres
• 63 BC – exposed Catilinarian conspiracy
Cicero’s De Oratore palmipsest (vellum reused, but original text is
still visible)
In Catilinam: A Review
• 4 speeches delivered in 63 BC
#1 – held in temple
Catiline leaves Rome
#2 & 3 – delivered from rostra
#4 – delivered in Temple of Concord
• Caesar – exile prisoners
• Cato – moved to kill conspirators;
overwhelming senatorial support
Aftermath of the Conspiracy
• 5 conspirators led to Tullianum (dungeon of
Mamertine) and strangled: “Vixerunt.”
• Catiline’s “army” had grown to about 10,000 (but
not trained well)
• Catiline killed in battle at Pistoria (Jan. 62 BC) (NW
of Florence, 150 miles from Rome)
• Cicero hailed pater patriae
• However, his glory days were about to end.
Bona Dea Scandal: Dec. 62 BC
• born into
Claudian
(patrician) family
• sister named
Clodia
– Catullus called
her Lesbia in his
poems
– rumored to have
poisoned her
husband
– women only; Vestal Virgins &
patricians
– held at house of Pontifex Maximus
Caesar
– Pompeia, Caesar’s wife, cavorting
w/ weird lady
– Caesar’s ma, Aurelia, discovered
the deception
– divorce ensues
– 61 BC, trial of Clodius, who was out
of town (?)
– Cicero destroyed alibi
– jurors bribed; Clodius acquitted
Revenge & Gangs
• adopted by plebeian
family to be tribune
• 58 BC – instituted a
law outlawing
executions without
trial
• Cicero into voluntary
exile to Greece
• Titus Annius Milo
became tribune in 57
and recalled Cicero
• Pompey supported
Cicero’s return (esp.
since Cicero did not
support Caesar)
• Clodius’ gang vs. Milo’s
gang (perhaps
supported by Pompey)
• Jan. 18, 52 BC – murder
on Appian Way
• Clodius killed
• Cicero defended Milo
• Milo convicted & exiled
Death of Cicero
• Antony a political rival
• Cicero regaining power and popularity
• Philippics – 14 speeches against Antony
• Delivered in 44 – 43 BC
• Argued that Antony was taking too many liberties
• Cicero executed
• Fulvia, Antony’s wife & Clodius’ former wife, spat on
head, pierced tongue w/ hairpins
• Man who betrayed Cicero – turned over to
Pomponia, Quintus’ ex-wife (Q = C’s bro)
– Forced man to cut off his own flesh bit by bit, roast the
pieces, and eat them
The Waning Days of the
Republic
• 31 BC – Battle of Actium
• 30 BC – Antony and Cleopatra die
• 27 BC – Octavian given title “Augustus”
– Empire begins