Transcript Constitution and New Republic, 1776-1800

New Republic,
1776-1812
Vocabulary
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Domestic
Allies
Federalist
Anti-Federalist
Nationalism
Impressment
Republican simplicity
Archibald Murphy
Common Schools
Rip Van Winkle state
Trail of Tears
Washington takes the oath of office
How is Washington depicted in this picture? What from
the picture makes you think that?
Domestic Difficulties: Whiskey Rebellion, Political Parties
Whiskey Rebellion
• Rebellion in western Pennsylvania over tax on whiskey
• Most farmers bartered goods – no cash to pay tax
• President Washington sent in the army to stop rebellion
• Reasoned that the farmers had representation in
government – must pay the tax
Political Parties Constitution does not mention parties
• Washington opposed them
• These early disagreements created allies and enemies
– Two camps emerge
• Federalist
• Republican (Anti-Federalist)
Cotton Gin invented 1791
Foreign Difficulties
Britain and France engaged in war
American declared its neutrality
– US traded with both countries.
Captured US ships seized goods
– British impressment of American Sailors
which meant they were captured and
forced to server on British ships.
– Pinckney’s Treaty w/ Spain (US can use the
Mississippi)
Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain: US can use
Mississippi to ship goods and the port of
New Orleans
John Adams
1797 – 1801
• The Second President
• Served as Washington’s VicePresident for two terms
• Also served as ambassador to
France and Great Britain
• Not as popular
Thomas Jefferson becomes
President, orginally from North Carolina
Jefferson’s challenges being President
Domestic:
Alexander Hamilton and the other Federalists
Criticisms over his constitutional right to purchase the Louisiana
Purchase.
Supreme courts establishment of its powers given in Constitution
Foreign:
US neutrality ignored by France and England in their war against
each other.
International Trade
Pirates alone the Barbary coast
The Capitol Building 1800
Washington DC begins to be established
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
Beginning of a two party system in the US
Government
What political parties did Hamilton and
Jefferson represent?
Hamilton - Federalist
• Federalist
• Manufacturing
• Strong Central
Government. Had
little confidence
the people to
make decisions
• The National Bank
Jefferson
Anti Federalist
• Democratic-Republican
• Agriculture
• Limited Central Gov.
Trusted in the decisions
made by the people
John Marshall’s Supreme Court (18011835) Established under Jefferson
• Sought to increase Court’s
and fed. gov’t power
• Federalist ideas
• Marbury v. Madison
– Judicial review is the
courts right given in the
Constitution
• McCullough v. Maryland
– Implied powers of the
Supreme court to
review if laws are
Constitutional
Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase
• France secretly acquired territory in 1800 from Spain
• Napoleon willing to sell land to raise $ for his War in
Europe.
• Jefferson sent a mission to buy a portion of the territory
• Bought the whole territory for $15 million
• Purchasing land not mentioned in Constitution as a
President’s power, Jefferson was question for exercising
that power.
The Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!
• In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans.
• Sec. of State Madison got all 900,000 acres for $15 million.
The Louisiana
Purchase
What did we buy?
The need to find out
what was in this
territory, leads to
the two year Lewis
& Clark Expedition
The territory was
mapped, samples
brought back,
Native American
relations effected.
Jefferson’s Foreign Challenges
EUROPE 1800
England and France are at War.
Difficult Challenges with Foreign
Affairs
• Barbary Pirates. Pirates from Tripoli who
attacked and captured goods from US merchant
ships and enslaved sailors.
• US threatening War w/ Tripoli
• US neutral still French and British both threaten
US ships on high seas
• Impressment of Americans
• Embargo Act Jefferson decides to abandon all
foreign trade.
Jefferson passes The Embargo Act 1807
to deal with Foreign Affair problems
No foreign trade at all.
This produces a
Economic slump in the
United States.
U.S. Embargo-runners
emerge trying to get
around the law to trade
and make money
James and Dolley Madison 1809 – 1817 Was the
President after Jefferson
Virginian lawyer and student of history
Wrote a large part of the U.S. Constitution
An intellectual ahead of his time
The War of 1812 Second War of Independence:
Causes
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US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England allied)
British impressment
Secure a foreign market for US crops
The British army supported Native Americans
resistance through weapons and training to attack
settlers moving into their land.
• “War Hawks”
– Clay-Speaker of the House
– Calhoun-.leading Rep.
– The United States wants to prove to Britain that the
victory of the American Revolution was not luck
United States Declare War against
Great Britain
The British Burn the Capital
• August 1814, the British
Army invades the United
States and marches on
Washington D.C.
• The city surrenders and
nearly all government
buildings are razed by
fire
• Madison rallies the
American public after
this defeat and America
wins the war.
“The Star Spangled Banner”
• Francis Scott Key, a prisoner on a British barge
witnessed the British bombardment of Fort
McHenry, near Baltimore for 12 hours
• In the morning he observed that the American flag
still flew over the fort and writes a poem called “The
Defence of Ft McHenry” it eventually becomes a song
“The Star Spangled Banner”
The Impact of the War of 1812
1. A sense of nationalism sweeps America.
Nationalism is a belief and sense of pride in
one’s country based on it’s achievements.
2. The nation will embark on foreign trade and
begin to build a transportation system in the
United States.
3. Native American resistance will be removed
from the Ohio River Valley permanently
opening the Midwest for expansion.
Monroe Doctrine
President Monroe in response to the War of 1812
created the Monroe Doctrine.
His purpose to was to establish America’s dominance
in the Western Hemisphere
• European nations cannot colonize any nation in the
western hemisphere.
• Any attempt to colonize is a direct threat to US interests.
• US will stay out of European affairs.
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri wanted to be accepted in the Union
• If Missouri became a part of the United States then
the balance of free states and slave states would be
in favor of the slave states b one state. The North
were strongly against it.
• The compromise between the North and South was
that Maine would enter the union as a free state,
Missouri as a slave state and slavery would not be
allowed above the 26th parallel.
Sectionalism in the United States
• Sectionalism- with new territories
to settle, inventions and
transportation, different sections
of the country developed in
different ways.
– North: Industrial, Business
– South: cotton, slavery
– West: farming
• Missouri Compromise-adding
new territories, slave or free?
Important events in the Jefferson Era
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1804
1807
1812
1814
1816
1820
• 1823
• 1825
Thomas Jefferson elected
John Marshall Chief Justice
Louisiana Purchase
Embargo Act passed
Congress declares war
War ends
Monroe elected President
Missouri Compromise
US Population 10 million
Monroe Doctrine announced
Erie Canal opened
North Carolina during 1800-1825
North Carolina
North Carolina, overall was a Anti-Federalist state. Felt states rights
supersede Federal rights. “republican simplicity” NC citizens live as
simply and independently as possible
North Carolina was hardly impacted by the War of 1812
After War 0f 1812, many people left the state to move out west
Gold was found in Cabarrus county, NC was the location of the first Gold rush
in the US.
The capital was moved to Raleigh from New Bern.
First University……UNC was established in 1795
North Carolina was and continued to be a backward state after the War of
1812
Archibald Murphy: lead NC reforms. Internal improvements like canals for
better transportation. Common schools, established with taxpayer
support. (Not a private school) State literary fund, to build more schools
North Carolina
NC capital burned down, states economy in depressed state, many people
leaving the state. North Carolina was being called the “Rip Van Winkle
state.” (asleep as the rest of the world moves on.) State leaders decided
to have a state convention to rewrite the states constitution to turn the
state around and create equal representation across the state.
Trail of Tears. After war of 1812 residents rushed to get the best land west of
the Blue Ridge Mtns. Beginning of Whites wanting Native Americans
moved west of Mississppi. Cherokee fought in removal in the courts &lost.
President Jackson convinced Cherokee to sign treaty to move West. Cherokee
were forcibly removed by the US army from their homes and lands. Many
died along the way. Called the Trail of Tears.