Transcript Jefferson`s Powerpoint 2013

Jefferson’s
Presidency
Jefferson’s First Term
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Cabinet
* James Madison as Secretary of State
* Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the
Treasury
Gallatin introduced a modern budget with
expenses for each item
First Goal
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Limit the power of the federal government
over states and citizens
Believed in the idea of laissez faire
French term meaning “let alone”
Laissez faire means that the government
should not interfere in the economy.
Jefferson’s First Term
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Money spent on the Army and Navy reduced
70% of the nation’s money was spent to reduce
the national debt
Alien and Sedition Acts not renewed
Naturalization Act put the waiting back to 5
years for citizenship
The Bank of the United States and tariffs
continued
Whiskey tax repealed
Barbary Pirates
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U.S. at peace with
Europe during
Jefferson’s first term
One foreign problem
was the Barbary
States on the north
coast of Africa
(Morocco, Algiers,
Tunis, and Tripoli)
Barbary Pirates
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Barbary States sent pirates to seize ships
on the ocean and hold the crews for
ransom
From 1790-1800 the U.S. had given
“presents” or “tributes” totaling $2 million
Barbary Pirates
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Jefferson was determined to put an end to the payments
He sent naval squadrons to punish the pirates
The result was peace with Tripoli and lower payments to
the other nations
Not until 1815 with Stephen Decatur was sent to
guarantee that the other states would not capture our
ships did some of the problems stop
When France conquered Algiers in 1830 it completely
ended
Shrink the
military
Cut the number
of government
employees
Reduce
government
expenses to
reduce federal
power
Eliminate all
federal taxes
Pay off more
state debts
using federal
money
Ease party
disputes
Allow many
Federalists to keep
their government jobs
Successes of
Thomas Jefferson’s
First Term as President
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Foreign trade doubled.
The national debt was reduced by $25 million
even after the purchase of the Louisiana
Territory.
The country between the Alleghenies and the
Mississippi was filling rapidly.
Mississippi had become a territory, Indiana had
followed, and Ohio had enough people to
become a state in 1803.
Our relations with European nations were
friendly.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
or the Add-a-State Plan
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When there were still almost no people in a
territory it would have a governor, a secretary,
and three judges named by Congress.
When it reached 5000 free adult men, there
would be a legislature where the people of the
territory could make laws.
When the free population numbered 60,000
the people could apply for admission to the
Union as a state.
Continental Divide
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A place on a continent that separates river
systems flowing in opposite directions.
Yellowstone National Park has a
Continental Divide.
This means that one river runs to the
Pacific Ocean and the other river runs to
the Atlantic Ocean.
Louisiana Purchase and
Lewis and Clark
Expedition
Federalist’s Protest
Aaron Burr Conspiracy
Jefferson’s Foreign Policy
during his
Second Term as President
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In the spring of 1803 war between England and France
renewed
Napoleon was master of the continent of Europe, and
England ruled the seas
Each of the two great powers now tried to damage the
other by shutting off its commerce (trade)
They both forbid neutral ships to trade with the other
and seized the neutral ships
The trade of the United States was threatened with ruin
As a neutral nation we had prospered
The Chesapeake Affair
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Who, What, When, Where, Why, and
Consequences
The Chesapeake Affair
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June 22, 1807
U.S. Ship the Chesapeake
British Ship the Leopard
The British Ship the Leopard
tricked the Chesapeake captain
into believing that the British
has a dispatch for the
Americans.
Once the American ship was
close the British demanded to
be able to search the
Chesapeake for deserters from
the British navy.
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The Chesapeake refused so
the Leopard opened fire.
3 sailors were killed and 18
were wounded.
When the Chesapeake captain
surrendered, the British took
four alleged deserters from the
American ship.
The Chesapeake was left to
limp back to port.
Americans were outraged!
Americans wanted to declare
war
The Embargo Act of 1807
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1807 Jefferson asked for Congress to pass a law
prohibiting any American vessel from sailing for
any foreign port.
Jefferson had cutback in the army and navy and
left us too weak to fight a war.
The idea was that our trade was so important to
Europe that we would not need to fight.
This is known as “ peaceful coercion”
The Act destroyed the trade and did not work.
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Questions to Think About
 What impact did the white settlers have on the Native
Americans?
 Explain why Tecumseh was a threat to the security of the
United States.
Native American Decline
 Tens of thousands of settlers moved west after the Battle of
Fallen Timbers.
 The white settlement impacted the Native Americans by
diseases such as measles, smallpox and influenza that killed
thousands
 Settlers took over large parts of land and started to farm
 This caused animals to be driven away
The Shawnee
 The Shawnee tribe suffered
 Two brothers Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) and Tecumseh
began urging Native Americans to resist and organize to
preserve traditional ways
 Tecumseh organized western tribes into a league to restore
Indian lands
 He traveled to spread his message
Americans
 American officials became concerned
 William Henry Harrison – governor of the Indiana Territory
decided to march a thousand soldiers against Shawnee
villages on the Tippecanoe River
 Harrison defeated the Indians in a battle known as The Battle
of Tippecanoe
Tecumseh’s Response
 Even though the Indian alliance declined, Tecumseh and his
warriors continued during the next several years.
 Many Americans blamed the British who continued to send
weapons to the Native Americans.
 Americans wanted war with Britain
What impact did the white settlers have on the
Native Americans?
 White settlers brought diseases that killed thousands of
Native Americans
 Took their land
 Drove away much of the game (animals) Native Americans
hunted for food, shrinking population even further
Explain why Tecumseh was a threat to the
security of the United States.
 He was organizing the many different Native American tribes
to fight together against the white settlers
 He also received support from Britain.
Election of 1808
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James Madison is elected President.
Embargo Act is repealed by Congress.
Madison asks for new law.
List ten major events discussed in class
over Jefferson’s Presidency.
1.
Design of Washington D.C.
2. Purchase of Louisiana Territory
3. Election 1800
4. Burr Conspiracy
5.Lewis and Clark
6. Internal Taxes
7.Embargo Act
8.Chesapeake Affair
9. Modern Budget
10. Barbary Pirates
Period 2
List ten major events discussed in class
over Jefferson’s Presidency.
1. Louisiana Purchase
2. Lewis and Clark
3. Peace with Europe
4. Marbury vs. Madison
5. Aaron Burr Conspiracy
6. Chesapeake Affair
7. Election of 1800
8. Design of Washington D.C.
9. Modern Budget
10. Embargo Act
Period 4
Mind-Mapping
Election of 1808
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James Madison is elected President.
Embargo Act is repealed by Congress.
Madison asks for new law.
The Nonintercourse Act
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Because it was an election year, the Republicans
repealed the Embargo Act and replaced it with
the Nonintercourse Act.
1809 the Nonintercourse Act forbid trade only
with France and Great Britain
It also authorized that if either country stopped
violating our neutral rights, we would reopen
trade with that country.
Reasons
for the
War of 1812
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Blockades
Incitement of the Indians – Americans felt
that the British were still interfering with
the Native Americans. (Refer to Tecumseh
and William Henry Harrison)
Impressments
Nationalism
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The sentiment that binds people to their
country and makes them feel that from it
all their blessings flow.
Pride in ones country
Sectionalism
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The belief that your section of the
country, be it the North, South, or West,
was where you actually owed your loyalty
and your love.
Pride in ones section of the country.
Macon’s Bill No. 2
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The deadline was approaching for the Nonintercourse
Act to lift. The result was Macon’s Bill No. 2 Named for
the chairman of the Senate foreign relations committee.
This bill opened our commerce up to the entire world but
it authorized the President, in case either Great Britain or
France would withdraw its restrictions on our commerce,
to cut off trade with the other power.
The French quickly promised to lift its decrees so
American forbade all trade with Great Britain and its
colonies.
War Hawks
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In November of 1811, a new group came to
Congress. With the expansion of the South and
West new leaders became known as the War
Hawks because they demanded a firm defense
of our national rights.
These men wanted more land.
John C. Calhoun from South Carolina
Henry Clay from Kentucky
Andrew Jackson from Tenn. (after War of 1812)
War of 1812
First Phase 1812-1814
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1812 to 1814 the British devoted little energy to the
conflict because they were fighting a war with France.
They did send ships to blockade the American coast.
The United States military was weak when war was
declared.
In spite of its size, the Navy was the fastest afloat.
Naval officers had gained experience-fighting pirates in
the Mediterranean Sea.
Phase One
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The most important naval victory took place on
Lake Erie.
The Americans had begun to build a fleet and
Oliver Hazard Perry took charge of the infant
fleet.
A small British force on the lake set out to attack
the American ships.
Perry’s first ship was destroyed but he took
command of another and destroyed two of the
enemy’s ships and forced the British to
surrender.
Phase One
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When General Harrison received word of Perry’s
victory he set out to attack the British.
He pursued the British forces and defeated them
in Canada at the Battle of the Thames.
This victory put an end to the British threat to
the Northwest and Tecumseh was killed
Great Britain
on the Offensive
2nd Phase of the War of 1812
1814-1815
Washington D.C.
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After the success of Perry and Harrison, the British
began offensive operations.
In 1814 a large fleet sailed into Chesapeake Bay and
landed 4000 British soldiers.
They marched into Washington D.C. as President
Madison and Dolly fled to Virginia.
The British set fire to the Capitol, the White House, and
other public buildings.
This was in retaliation for the burning of York now
Toronto in 1813.
Washington D.C.
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The British then sailed to Baltimore where the
citizens had been strengthening defenses.
There the British troops were defeated but not
before they undertook an all-night bombardment
of Fort McHenry.
This is where a young Washington lawyer,
Francis Scott Key wrote the “Star Spangled
Banner”
Lake Champlain
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The British put a strong fleet on the lake to
support a land attack that was occurring along
the shoreline.
The American naval force on the lake outgunned
the British vessels.
The Americans were in control of the lake so the
British army turned back.
The Baltimore and Lake Champlain wins lifted
the spirits of the American public.
New Orleans
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Andrew Jackson is promoted to major general and
invades Spanish East Florida and captures a British
force.
He goes to New Orleans in case the British should arrive
there.
He reaches the city just in time.
A British force of 2000 men land and come within eight
miles of New Orleans.
Jackson rounded up anyone who could fight and stops
the British advance.
Twice the British attack and twice they were thrown
back.
The attack was a disaster for the British.
Battle of New Orleans
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They boarded their ships and sailed away.
Jackson became “the hero of New
Orleans.”
What is odd about the Battle of New
Orleans is that it was won after peace had
already been negotiated in Ghent,
Belgium.
Treaty of Ghent
End of the War of 1812
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The Treaty of Ghent had no clear winner.
No territory-changed hands
Trade disputes were left unresolved
Important Consequences
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Increase patriotism
Broke the strength of Native Americans
Forced Americans to start making
products that they usually imported.
America had proved it could defend itself
once and for all
Uncanny Coincidence
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John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died
on the same day.
July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the
Declaration of Independence