Transcript Chapter 9 lesson 2 started on 2/3

CH. 9 .2
“CHALLENGES TO THE NEW GOVERNMENT”
Essential Question:
Why did President Washington want to secure the TransAppalachian West, and how did he maintain the United States
neutrality?
Vocabulary
• 1. Battle of Fallen Timbers – 1794 - American army defeated 2,000 Native
Americans in a battle over control of the Northwest Territory.
• 2. Treaty of Greenville – 1795 – Agreement in which Native Americans
surrendered present day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S. government.
• 3. Whiskey Rebellion – 1794 – Protest against government tax on whiskey
which hurt backcountry farmers.
• 4. French Revolution – 1789 – French citizens rebelled against the
government for liberty and equality.
• 5. neutral – not siding with one country or another
• 6. Jay’s Treaty – An agreement which ended a dispute over American
shipping during the French Revolution.
• 7. Pinckney’s Treaty - 1795 – Treaty with Spain allowed Americans to use
Mississippi River and store goods in New Orleans.
Focus Questions
• 1. Why was the Mississippi River and New Orleans important
to America?
• 2. Why did President Washington send troops to the Ohio
River Valley?
• 3. Why did the Battle of Fallen Timbers occur?
• 4. Explain why farmers preferred to transport their grains as
whiskey.
• 5. Why did farmers from western Pennsylvania stage a
rebellion in 1794?
Focus Questions
• 6. What did General Lee and 13,000 soldiers do in 1794, and why
was this action significant?
• 7. How did the American Revolution inspire the French Revolution?
• 8. Why did the United States support of the French Revolution
change?
• 9. Why did the war between France and Britain put the United
States in an awkward position?
• 10. What stand did President Washington declare the United States
would take regarding the war between France and Great Britain?
Securing the Northwest Territory
• Spain, Great Britain, The United States, and Native
Americans all claimed land between the Appalachian
Mountains and the Mississippi River.
• Spain held much of the land west of the Mississippi
River, all of Florida, and the port of New Orleans at
the mouth of the Mississippi River.
Securing the Northwest Territory
• The Mississippi River was important to American settlers
because they carried their trade goods to market on
flatboats down the river.
• The port at New Orleans was important to American
settlers because it was the key port for trade.
• The Spanish threatened to close the port and also caused
trouble between the Native Americans and the American
settlers.
• The British, violating the Treaty of Paris, still held British forts
north of the Ohio River. The British supported the Native
Americans to maintain access to fur trade.
Battle of Fallen Timbers
President Washington sent two armies to the Ohio
Valley to secure the Northwest Territory.
• Both armies were defeated by a confederation of Native
American tribes led by Little Turtle.
• After the second defeat, President Washington sent another
army west.
• Little Turtle advised the other tribal chiefs to negotiate with
Washington.
• Expecting the British to help, the other tribal chiefs ignored
Little Turtle’s advice.
• 2,000 Native Americans clashed with the American troops on
August 20, 1794.
• The location was covered with fallen trees struck down by a
storm. This battle became known as “The Battle of Fallen
Timbers”
Battle of Fallen Timbers
• The Native Americans were defeated and
retreated hoping the British would help. The British
not wanting another war with the U.S. refused to help
them.
• Twelve Native American tribes signed the Treaty of
Greenville in 1795.
• Native Americans surrendered what is present day
Ohio and Indiana to the United States government.
The Whiskey Rebellion
• As part of Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan, a
government tax was placed on whiskey.
• Many backwoods farmers made their wheat and
rye crops into whiskey because:
• Poor roads made transporting bushels of grain
difficult
• One horse could transport two barrels of rye
whiskey = 24 bushels of rye grain
• Customers paid more for whiskey then grain
• Most customers traded whiskey for salt, sugar
and other goods, so farmers used whiskey as
money to get the supplies they needed.
The Whiskey Rebellion
• In 1794 a group of farmers staged “The Whiskey
Rebellion” an organized rebellion against the
whiskey tax. A tax collector was tarred and
feathered!
• Washington sent an army of 13,000 soldiers into
Pennsylvania in October of 1794.
• Most of the farmers fled, but federal troops arrested
20 farmers.
• President Washington showed that the federal
government had the power and the will to
enforce its laws.
The French Revolution
• Inspired by the American Revolution, the French
revolutionaries in 1789 launched a movement
for liberty and equality known as The French
Revolution.
• By 1792, the revolution had become so violent,
many Americans withdrew their support.
• King Louis XVI and his wife Queen Marie
Antoinette were executed.
• Other European kings believed this revolution
threatened their own thrones.
The French Revolution
• France declared war on Britain, Holland and Spain.
• Britain led the fight against France.
• This war put the United States in an awkward
position.
• France had been America’s ally in the revolution
against Great Britain.
• Many Americans saw the French Revolution as
proof that the American cause had been just.
The French Revolution
• Thomas Jefferson supported the French Revolution. A move
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to crush it would be seen as an attack on liberty everywhere.
Alexander Hamilton however pointed out that Britain was
the United States most important trading partner.
Britain’s trade was too important to risk war.
What to do????
In April 1793, President Washington declared that the United
States would remain neutral – not siding with one country
or the other. The nation would be friendly and impartial to
both sides.
Congress passed a law forbidding the United States to help
either side.