Transcript Roots of Imperialism

Unit 2 Lesson 5
Roots of Imperialism
11.4 Students trace the rise of the
United States to its role as a world
power in the 20th century
Vocab
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7.
Imperialism
Extractive economy
Alfred T Mahan
Social Darwinism
Frederick J. Turner
Matthew Perry
Queen Liliuokalani
8. Jose Marti
9. William Randolph Hearst
10. Yellow Press
11. Jingoism
12. Rough Riders
13. Treaty of Paris
Focus Question 1
• Examine the effects of American Imperialism
in the Pacific and South America.
FOCUS QUESTION 2
• Examine the causes of Imperialism.
• What are the benefits to imperialism? What
are the negative consequences?
• GIVE EXAMPLES AND BE SPECIFIC!!!
Focus Question 3
• What did the Panama Canal connect? Why
was it built?
• What did the American Government do when
the Columbian Government told them they
could not build a canal?
FOCUS QUESTION 4
• Compare and Contrast Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
to the Roosevelt Corollary.
Americans Late to the Game
What was left over from European Imperialism
Americans could go after?
Policy which strong nations extended their
political, military, and economic control over
weaker territories
What to they want?
Raw materials and natural resources
Tea, rubber, iron, petroleum
new markets
Causes
1. U.S. Policy makers believe the United States needed new
markets for its goods
2. White Man’s Burden
– the U. S. had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less
civilized peoples.
– Spreading Christianity
3. Social Darwinism
– strong nations were destined by natural law to dominate weak
ones.
4. Increased sea power
– The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Alfred Mahan
– a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation, and
colonies would serve as bases for such a navy.
New Markets
• US did not have a shortage of natural
resources
• Had a abundance of goods
• Needed NEW MARKETS
Key to American success
Alfred T. Mahan
– Americans had to become a naval power like
England
– The greatest nations/ societies had powerful
navies
– 1900 U.S. had the most powerful navy in the
world
Imperialists and Social Darwinism
• Imperialists around the world justified
imperialism by asserting that they were
socially, nationally, racially and culturally
superior than other people.
• Social Darwinism: pple believed that superior
races were destined to rule over inferior
peoples and cultures
Steps to a world power
1. Pacific
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Matthew Perry sailed to Japan
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Impressed Japan opened ports to US
1867 Midway Islands
1875 and 1887 Treaties increased trade with
Hawaii
Gave right to build Naval Base: Pearl Harbor
2. Seward Purchases Alaska (1867)
– Bought from Russia for 7.2 million
– “Seward’s Folly
3. Latin America
– Business men: natural place for trade and
investments
– Pan American Highway system
Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary of the
Navy in the McKinley
administration.
Imperialist and American
nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as having the
backbone of a chocolate
éclair!
Resigns his position to fight
in Cuba.
The Spanish American War
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Monroe Doctrine –Europe keep out of N. America
A splendid Little War
Yellow Journalism
U.S.S.Maine
San Juan Hill
Rough Riders
First comes business…
• Hawaii
– Americans est. sugar cane plantations
– 1887 American planters convinced the king to
change Hawaii’s constitutions so that voting rights
were limited to only wealthy land owners… white
American planters
• 1890s
– New tariffs on duty free sugar
– 1891 Queen Liliuokalani
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1875 – Reciprocity
Treaty
1890 – McKinley Tariff
1893 – American
businessmen backed an
uprising against Queen
Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the Republic
of Hawaii in 1894.
Then comes conquest
• 1893 planters overthrew the queen
• US Minister to Hawaii ordered Marines to over
throw the rebel forces and seize power
• President Harrison then asked to annex
Hawaii, but senate did not approve before
next election
• Grover Cleveland ordered an investigation
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CA business wanted Hawaii
CA had close ties with planters
1897 new president
William McKinley favored annexation
1898 after Spanish-American War Congress
proclaimed Hawaii an official US territory
Big Stick Diplomacy
• Teddy Roosevelt (Rough Rider who
became President)
– Roosevelt Corollary
• Added to the Monroe Doctrine
• “Policeman of the Western
Hemisphere”
• Intervene in the internal affairs of
Latin America
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may
in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require
intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United
States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the
United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the
exercise of an
international police power .
Big Stick Diplomacy Con’t
• Protect United States interests
in the Caribbean region
• The US could use force to
prevent Europe from interfering
in the Western Hemisphere
Panama Canal Con’t
• Teddy Roosevelt
– ”I took the Canal and let Congress debate.”
– Theodore Roosevelt
• a Presidential action that achieved a foreign
policy objective
• Opposition
– they opposed Roosevelt’s involvement in
the Panamanian “revolution”
The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.
Dollar Diplomacy
• William Taft
– “Dollar Diplomacy” supplanted
the “Big Stick Diplomacy”
– It supported a policy of giving
financial assistance to Latin
American countries in order to
make them our allies
Taft’s “Dollar
Diplomacy”
Improve financial
opportunities for American
businesses.
Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
Therefore, the U.S.
should create stability and order
abroad that would best promote
America’s commercial interests.
Dollar Diplomacy Con’t
– “Substitution dollars for
bullets”
• Using foreign policy to protect
Wall Street dollars invested
abroad (esp. Far East/China)
Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
A Japanese note agreeing
to deny passports to
laborers entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S.
right to exclude Japanese
immigrants holding passports
issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got the
school board of San Francisco
to rescind their order to
segregate Asians in separate
schools.
Lodge Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine: 1912
Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge, Sr.
Non-European powers,
like Japan, would be
excluded from owning
territory in the
Western
Hemisphere.
America as a Pacific Power
The Cares of a Growing Family
Constable of the World
The Great White Fleet: 1907
The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico
and puts Madero in prison where he was
murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought
against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying
Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
Eventually Carranza would gain power in
Mexico.
Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.
Moral Diplomacy
• Woodrow Wilson
• A policy that made the US the
conscience of the world
• He hoped to
– Spread democracy
– Condemn colonialism
– Promote peace.
Moral Diplomacy cont’
• Hated imperialism
–He eventually invaded more countries
in Latin America than any other
president in U.S. history
• Nicaragua
• Haiti
• Dominican Republic
–To protect U.S. lives and property in
those countries
Moral Diplomacy cont’
• Mexican Revolution
–Intervened with the U.S.
military
•Supported democracy in
Mexico
•Attempt to capture Pancho
Villa