Transcript US Foreign Policy PP - Liberty Union High School District

The United States as a World Power
19th Century US Foreign Policy
• Imperialism in China
• Open door policy
• Cuba
• Philippines
• Puerto Rico
• Hawaii
• Panama
• Dominican Republic
• Mexico
• The Big Stick Policy
• Dollar Diplomacy
• Moral Diplomacy
The US Reaches for Empire
The Guano Act of 1865
• This act authorized the
United States to occupy
island in the South Pacific to
mine guano (bird droppings),
which is rich in nitrogen and
phosphorous and highly
valued as a fertilizer.
• The United States claimed
nearly 100 islands under the
act and still owns six or so
today.
• As to the amount of crap the
government still has – that’s
for you to decide.
Imperialism in China
• The US wanted to trade with Asian
countries
• Many other European powers had
already established control of Chinese
ports “spheres of influence”
• The US wanted an “open door”
(everyone can trade) to establish trade
in China for tea, spices, and silk and to
sell US products
• Chinese resentment grew and a secret society of Chinese called the
Boxers began terrorizing foreign traders, officials, and Christian
missionaries in 1899
• In 1900 these attacks culminated in the violent Boxer Uprising in
Beijing, which claimed the lives of many Chinese and foreigners
• Western powers occupied the city and quelled the revolt
Imperialism in Cuba
• Spanish granted independence to Cuba
• US President William McKinley set up a
US military government in Cuba to
promote public works and legal reform
• Clause in the Cuban constitution (Platt
Amendment)- U.S. can intervene in Cuban
affairs in order to preserve the Islands
independence & the can have military
bases there
• 1906 Cubans rebelled for full
independence, US took control of island,
but gave it back in 1909, with clause
• Some Cubans resented US involvement
while others were thankful for the stability
Imperialism in Philippines
• In 1898 US & Filipino forces defeated
Spanish troops in the Philippines
• Philippines thought that were going to
get their independence
• U.S. bought Philippines for $20 mil
from Spain.
• President William McKinley
considered the Filipinos unfit for selfgovernment and wanted to “uplift and
civilize and Christianize them”
• Filipino forces rebelled but lost after a 3 year war
• US did not grant independence to the Philippines until July 4,
1946
Imperialism in Puerto Rico
• After the 1898 Spanish-American War, Spain
ceded Puerto Rico to the US
• US selected governor, executive council, and
judges to rule island
• At first Puerto Ricans did not become US
citizens and could not travel freely to US
• In 1917 the Jones Act grated Puerto Ricans
US citizenship
• US businesses took advantage of cheap labor and natural resources
• Puerto Rican small farmers could not compete with large US
companies and were forced to sell their land and work in low
paying jobs for US businesses
Imperialism in Hawaii
•
•
•
•
• In 1700s Hawaii was an important stop
for US shippers, sailors and whalers
• Many Americans settled and set up
sugar plantations (moving their way
into politics)
• In 1891 Queen Liliuokalani tried to
restore control to the Hawaiians
• 1893 - The US sent Marines to protect
plantations in Hawaii
• White planters applied for annexation
of Hawaii
President Grover Cleveland wanted to hold off
After the Spanish American War (1898) the US annexed Hawaii
(controlled by US)
Statehood granted: August 21, 1959
US intervention resulted in a long-lasting resentment among
many native Hawaiians
Panama Canal
• Panama was controlled by Colombia
• The US made an offer Colombia to build the
canal
• Colombia says no
• Panamanians revolt succeeding in creating an
independent Panama
• Panama agreed to allow the US to build a
canal in its country
• With this the U.S. succeeded in changing the
political & physical geography of the world.
• The canal would reduce shipping by 60 days =
money saved.
• It was fully turned over to Panama
on December 31, 1999.
Imperialism in Dominican Republic
• In the late 1800s the leader of the
Dominican Republic improved education
and transportation and encouraged foreign
investments, but he also used that money
for himself and ran up huge debts
• He was assassinated and the Dominican
Republic was left with huge debt
• Based on the Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine, Pres Roosevelt agreed to
take the Dominican Republic debt in return
Roosevelt as the world policeman
for the right to collect Dominican Republic
import taxes
• President William Howard Taft came along promoting “Dollar
Diplomacy” (encouraged investors to spend money in Latin
American)
• US established businesses in the Dominican Republic and ordered troops
there to teach law and order
Imperialism in Mexico
• In Mexico US investors helped a brutal
dictator (Huerta) seize power
• Wilson refused to recognize him as the leader
and supported someone he thought would be
more democratic (Carranza)
• The more democratic leader (Carranza) took
power but refused to take US advise
• Wilson decided to support Poncho Villa, but
changed his mind
• Villa and his men were angered and killed
American in Texas and New Mexico
• Wilson sent troops to capture Villa but failed
• US withdrew troops when it entered WW1
(Moral Diplomacy failed – Wilson believed
the U.S. should become conscience of the
world)
Theodore Roosevelt
Big Stick Policy
• Roosevelt believed in making the US a
world power
• To describe his foreign policy people
borrowed an African proverb: “Speak
softly but carry a big stick”
• He connected the Roosevelt Corollary to
the Monroe Doctrine--making US
policeman of Latin America
• The Monroe doctrine argued that the Europeans should stay out of Latin
America
• Roosevelt argued that the US could intervene in a Latin American
country to exercise international police power to protect U.S. economic
interests: Roosevelt Corollary
• He built up the US navy and sent the “Great White Fleet”
around the world to project US military power
William Howard Taft
Dollar Diplomacy
• Taft - milder approach to
foreign policy
• Substitute dollars for bullets
• Taft encouraged American
bankers to lend money to
Central American countries so
they could pay debts owed to
Britain
• Solve instability in troubled
regions using economy rather
than force
Woodrow Wilson
Moral Diplomacy
• Woodrow Wilson disagreed with
the assertive policies of Roosevelt
and Taft
• He felt the U.S. should become
conscience of the world (Moral
Diplomacy)
• Goals were to condemn
colonialism, spread democracy and
promote peace