Transcript Story of the Community College

Brief History and Overview of
Community Colleges
AmeriCorps Orientation
August 2012
Dr. Ron Abrams, President, OACC
Dr. Mike Snider, Project
Coordinator, OACC
Many people never would have attended college
were it not for community colleges and their
commitment to open-access admissions.
Every community college has its own culture and
serves a unique geographic area and clientele.
The Community College Story, Vaughan, George B.,
American Association of Community Colleges, Community
College Press, 2000.
Brief History of Higher Education
United States
Ohio
Review of Community College Heritage
United States
Ohio
Review of Columbus State Community College
Heritage
1636
Harvard University
1693
College of William & Mary
1701
Yale University
1776
Constitution of the
United States
1787
Northwest Territory Land for “a literary
institution”
Zane’s Trace – Late 1700’s
Current Ohio map shows Zane's Trace from Wheeling, West
Virginia, to Zanesville, to Chillicothe and to Maysville, Kentucky.
1802 Passed an Act to Establish a University
1803 Admission of Ohio as a State
1804 First College in the U.S. Found on Land
Endowed from the National Government
from the National Government
First College in the Northwest Territory
First College in Ohio
Ohio University
1825 – 1847 Ohio’s 1000
Mile Network of Canals
Frontier Economy was Transformed Overnight
Opened Markets for Agriculture and Industrial
Products
Attracted Thousands of Immigrants to the State
1825 – 1847
Ohio’s Canals
1838 - Caleb Atwater
Ohio’s First Historian
“It is cheaper for those who own property, to
educate all the children of the state than to
punish them for crimes which they will commit
if left to grow up in ignorance and vice.
Furthermore, unless better colleges are soon
forthcoming, the schools, the courts, and the
legislature of Ohio could only decline.”
1862 - Passage of the Morrill Act
“Land Grant Act”
The Morrill Acts funded educational institutions by
granting Federally controlled land to the states. The
mission of thee institutions, as set forth in the 1862 Act,
is to teach agriculture, military tactics, the mechanic arts,
and home economics, not to the exclusion of classical
studies, so that members of the working class might
obtain a practical college education.
Prior to “Land Grant Act”
300 Colleges – Nearly all Private Colleges
Must be Proficient in Latin and Greek to be Admitted
Not for the “common person”
Agriculture and Mechanical Arts not worthy of study
Stigma of being “cow college”
1862 Land Grant Colleges
and Universities
1870 Chartered College
Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College
1873 Opened the College
1878 Renamed
Ohio State University
1901 Founding of Joliet Junior College
“postgraduate” Education beyond High School
1916 Postgraduate Separated from High School
1917 Formally named Joliet Junior College
Joliet Junior College
Important for several Reasons
Well Equipped Public High Schools could offer College Level
Courses
Demonstrated the Feasibility and Desirability of using Tax
Dollars to offer Postsecondary Education in Communities
The needs of the Community helped Shape the Courses and
Programs Offered
The Acceptance of Courses by University of Chicago and
Northwestern – Transfer
1917
California
Kansas
Michigan
1944 Passage of the GI Bill of Rights
“GI Bill”
World War II Winding Down
What to do with Millions Returning from War
Pre-war Economic Depression
Citizens Feared not enough Jobs
Political Leaders – Delay of Return to Job Market
Improve Skills/Reward them for Serving
Send to College
“The GI Bill set a Precedent for the
Student Financial Aid that Exist Today”
1947 – Higher Education for American
Democracy Truman Commission Report
Establishment of a Network of Public Community
Colleges charge little or no tuition
Serve as a Culture Center
Comprehensive in Program Offerings – Civic
Responsibilities – Serve the area where located
Introduced the Term Community College
1947 – Higher Education for American
Democracy Truman Commission Report, cont.
Be within Reach of most Citizens
Offer Continuing Education for Adults, as well as
Technical and General Education
Be Locally Controlled
Be part of their State’s and Nation’s Higher
Education System
Growth 1960’s
1958 Introduction of ADN Programs
1960-1970
457 New Colleges Opened throughout the Country
Passage of Higher Education Act – Federal Support
for Education
Baby Boomers Coming of Age
End of School Segregation in the South bolstering
commitment to Access and Equity
1988 – Building Communities:
A Vision for a New Century
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Metropolitan Life Foundation
The word community should be defined not only
as a region to be served, but also as a “climate
to be created.”
American Association of
Community Colleges
Number of Community Colleges
Public Institutions
Independent Institutions
Tribal Institutions
Total
987
177
31
1195
Enrollment
11.5 million Students
6.5 million credit
5 million noncredit
46% of all U.S. Undergraduates
41% of First-time Freshmen
Community Colleges at the Forefront
Health Care: 59% of new nurses and the majority of
other new health-care workers are educated at
community colleges.
Workforce Training: 95% of businesses and
organizations that employ community college graduates
recommend community college workforce education and
training programs.
International Programs: Close to 100,000 international
students attend community colleges, about 39% of all
international undergraduate students in the United
States.
Community Colleges at the Forefront
Homeland Security: Close to 80% of firefighters, law
enforcement officers, and EMTs are credentialed at
community colleges.
Online Education: Students at 41% of public
community colleges can earn a degree entirely online
and 92% of all institutions offer at least one Internetbased course.
Earnings: The average expected lifetime earnings for a
graduate with an associate degree are $1.6 million,
about $.4 million more than a high school graduate
earns.
Mission
Serve all Segments of Society through an Open-access Admissions
Policy
Offer Equal and Fair Treatment to all Students
Provide a Comprehensive Educational Program
Serve the Community as a Community-based Institution of Higher
Education
Teaching and Learning
Foster Lifelong Learning
Implementing the Mission
College Transfer Programs
Occupational-Technical Programs
Developmental Education
Community Service
Support Services
In the 21st century, the community
college’s success will continue to
depend on its ability to respond to a
changing environment.
The Community College Story, Vaughan, George B., American Association of
Community Colleges, Community College Press, 2000.