Transcript Q: What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Bell Ringer
Date: February 16th, 2016
1) Copy down the homework for this week.
2) NO Bell Ringers this Week. Instead…
1) Take out a sheet of blank paper.
2) Fold it 1/3 in for Cornell Note Taking
3) Title it – James Monroe Review (F10)
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Cornell Notes Directions
For the following:
• Write Q
(Questions) in
BLUE on the Left.
• Write answers in
RED on the right
next to it.
Q: Why is Monroe’s Presidency
called the Era of Good Feelings?
The Government all acted to
increase federal authority.
Republican James Monroe won a landslide victory
in the 1816 presidential election.
The
Federalist
Party lost
power.
Within a few years, it disappeared completely.
• Monroe promoted
national unity.
President
Monroe’s two
terms in office
became known as
the “Era of Good
Feelings.”
• The old arguments
of the War of 1812
seemed to fade
away.
• He ran unopposed
for re-election in
1820.
After 1815, many
Americans
believed the
government should
take action to
improve the
economy.
Three influential
Congressmen
favored federal
action.
Clay spoke for
the West. He
argued for
better roads
and canals to
transport
goods.
Calhoun
spoke for the
South. He
opposed high
tariffs because
they raised
the price of
goods.
Webster
spoke for the
Northeast. He
supported
high tariffs as
a way of
protecting
industry.
In 1811, the charter of the first Bank of the
United States ran out.
Q: What were problems with the 1st Bank of
USA?
The bank closed.
State banks
made too
many loans.
Spending
increased and
prices rose.
The economy
suffered.
The second Bank of the United States was created
in 1816. This boosted the economy.
Another problem the U.S. faced after the War of 1812
was foreign competition.
Before the War
After the War
The Embargo Act kept
British goods out of
the U.S.
British manufacturers
looked to sell their
goods in the U.S.
This helped American
industry grow rapidly.
This caused the
American economy to
suffer.
Q: What does it mean for British to
dump their goods into the American
market?
Many New
England
businesses failed.
Britain produced
goods more
cheaply than did
the U.S.
Factory owners asked Congress for protection.
Congress responded with the Tariff of 1816, which
put a tax on many foreign products.
Tariffs helped
Northern factories
compete.
Many
Northerners
supported tariffs.
Tariffs forced
southerners to pay
more for goods.
Most Southerners
opposed high
tariffs.
Henry Clay argued that high tariffs would benefit
the entire country.
Region
Benefits of Tariffs
North
• Wealth for manufacturers
South
and
West
• Northern manufacturers could afford to buy
their farm products
• Government could use revenue to improve
infrastructure
Clay’s plan, called the American System, was
never fully put into practice.
The Supreme Court also promoted economic
growth and federal power during this era.
Q: What was McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819)?
The state of Maryland tried to tax its
branch of the federal Bank.
States had no power to interfere with
federal institutions.
Q: What was Dartmouth College v.
Woodward (1819)?
College’s charters are a private
contract therefore there is no
interference from government
Q: What was Gibbons v.
Ogden (1824)?
The court prevented New York State
from regulating travel on the Hudson
River.
The Hudson flows through two states.
Travel on the Hudson river is
interstate commerce and only
congress can regulate it.
After Gibbons v. Ogden, no state could grant a monopoly
to a steamboat company to use a river that divides two
states.
This ruling
strengthened
the power of the
federal
government.
How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect a
new national confidence?
When members of Spanish and English
colonies began to rebel, European countries
ultimately failed to regain their power in the
region.
President James Monroe stated that the
United States firmly opposed European
influence in the Americas.
In the early
1800s,
Spain
controlled a
vast amount
of territory
in the
Americas.
However,
Spain’s control
in Florida was
weak.
Fugitive slaves could easily cross from southern
plantations into Florida and join the Seminole
Nation.
Southern plantations
Fugitive
slaves
Together, they
would often raid
American
settlements.
Florida
Seminoles
In 1817, the U.S. sent Andrew Jackson to
recapture slaves that had escaped to Florida.
Q: What did Jackson do in Florida?
Jackson went beyond
his orders and he
seized two Spanish
towns.
Adams-Onís
Treaty (1819)
Forced Spain to give
Florida to the USA.
Spain ceded
Florida to the
United States.
Latin American Revolutions
Spain’s colonies in Latin America wanted
independence.
They were inspired
by the revolutions
in America and
France.
Mexico led the way in 1810.
Q: What was Father
Miguel Hidalgo
lasting legacy?
Another revolution
broke out in 1820.
Spain could not end
the fighting.
Mexico became an independent monarchy in
1821, and by 1823 it became a federal republic.
In South America, Simón Bolívar led several
independence movements.
In 1819, he defeated
the Spanish in
Columbia.
He became president
of the Republic of
Great Columbia.
Today, this region
includes:
Venezuela
Columbia
Ecuador
Panama
Q: What
happened to
Latin America
after European
rule?
Many new Latin
American
countries were
created.
The future of these new countries was soon
clouded.
France, Russia,
and others
indicated they
might help
Spain regain its
colonies.
The United
States wanted to
protect trade
with Latin
America.
Britain agreed with the U.S. and wanted to issue a joint
statement.
President James Monroe
and Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams did not
want the U.S. to look like
Britain’s junior partner.
President Monroe decided to
issue a statement.
President James
Monroe
Q: What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The Monroe Doctrine
The U.S. would not allow
European nations to
create American colonies
or interfere with Latin
American nations.
At first, the United States relied on Britain’s navy
to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.
As U.S. power grew, the Monroe Doctrine boosted
U.S. influence in Latin America.
Americans were relieved that their southern
borders were secure from European powers.
Q: How did Canada become a
country?
Upper
Canada
Canada
Lower
Canada
In 1837, both parts rebelled
against British rule.
Britain ended the rebellions
and unified the two parts in
1841.
Canadians also received more powers of selfgovernment.
Tension between the U.S. and Canada was high
after the War of 1812.
The U.S. and
Britain settled
border disputes
with Canada
from 1818 to
1846.
Eventually, the
U.S. and Canada
established
excellent
relations.
Their relations remain strong to this day.
Closing Questions:
1. What European empire was losing large amounts of land during this
time period?
2. What did that country cede to the United States?
3. When does Mexico become independent?
4. Who is the President that issued the Monroe Doctrine?
5. What is the Monroe Doctrine?
6. How are U.S.-Canadian diplomatic relations today?