Transcript World War I
Ms. Hensley 6th http://www.socialstudieshelp.com/Less on_72_Notes.htm The causes of World War One as discussed above can be summarized by the following acronym as a mnemonic device: ANIMAL European nations signed secret treaties that created a system of alliances pitting nation versus nation. There were intense feelings of nationalism on the part of subjugated nationalities. These feelings would eventually lead to rash acts. Competition to develop vast empires caused tension and conflict. Nations built huge armies to defend themselves and help to gain these empires. It was a natural feeling for them to want to use these militaries. There was no international organization to help them deal with their problems. It was poor. Just look at the system they set up...quite poor indeed. Austria’s archduke was touring Serbia. The Bosnian’s assassinated him there. The Austrian’s thought it was the Serbian’s. They asked to have Austrian troops in Serbia Serbia denied that request Serbia’s “friend” Russia was called upon for assistance. Austria’s “friend” Germany was called upon in reaction. Austria declared war on Serbia Austria had Germany and Serbia had Russia. Russia mobilized their armed forces. Germany demanded that they stop. Russia refused so Germany attacked. Germany destroyed the Russian armed forces. France had signed a treaty with Russia. Germans attacked France by going through Belgium. Therefore had to attack Germany. Belgium did not tell them it was ok, so they entered the war against Germany. Belgium and England (UK) were in a treaty so they entered the war against Germany too. Italy was on Germany’s side, but switched to because they wanted land in Austria. The Ottoman Empire also entered for Austria because they wanted territory from Russia. War!!!! Serbia England France Russia Italy United States Japan Germany Austria Ottoman Empire TRENCH WARFARE a form of occupied fighting lines, consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are largely protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery. CHEMICAL WARFARE using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. French territory Most Americans favored staying out of the conflict and President Wilson publicly and formally stated that the United States would follow a policy of neutrality. Neutrality – not choosing a side American propaganda posters urged citizens to buy war bonds and support the allies. Propoganda- rumors spread to hurt others When the war began England enforced a naval blockade of Germany in the hopes of cutting off supplies. Germany responded by unleashing the U Boats. U Boats were submarines capable of staying submerged for long periods of time. They would sneak up upon their victims, often at night, an torpedo them. They would attack any ship that came into their territory. They attacked an American ship killing 128 Americans Germany signed the “Sussex pledge” It said that they would only attack enemy ships not all The U-boats were attacking everyone. They had killed many British citizens. Great Britain asked Japan to attack the U-boats in Chinese waters. Japan agreed and entered the Allies America shared a cultural bond with England and France. They had a lot in common They were also trade partners President Wilson began asking to support the Allies If the Allies lost the war America would lose lots of money because it came from England and France American was becoming less neutral The British government intercepted a telegraph. It was the German ambassador asking Mexico to attack America if they attacked Germany. The Note was turned over to America and published in papers. Americans were mad Germany announced that they were going to start attacking everyone again with their U-boats. President Wilson’s campaign was “Freedom of the Seas” so he had no choice but to ask congress to declare war. Many American’s still wanted to stay out of “Europe’s War” On April 6, 1917, by a vote of 82 to 6 in the Senate and 373 to 50 in the House of Representatives, the United States of America declared war on Germany. 1. American economic goods 2. America's democratic political structure 3. America's blend of morality and Christianity The Russian Empire collapsed in March 1917 Russia left the war after the October Revolution later that year. After a 1918 German offensive along the western front, the Allies drove back the German armies in a series of successful offensives United States forces began entering the trenches. Germany agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918 which had its own trouble with revolutionaries at this point The war had ended in victory for the Allies. By the end of the war, four major imperial powers—the German, Russian, AustroHungarian and Ottoman empires—ceased to exist. Germany and Russia lost a lot of territory Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire were dismantled completely The map of central Europe was redrawn into several smaller states The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. The European nationalism spawned by the war and the breakup of empires, the repercussions of Germany's defeat and problems with the Treaty of Versailles are agreed to be factors contributing to World War II. World War One ended at 11am on 11th November 1918. In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused. In signing the treaty, Germany acknowledged responsibility for the war, and agreed to pay enormous war reparations and award territory to the victors. Germany couldn’t pay everyone so they borrowed from the United States Germany didn’t pay us back quickly enough and prices started to go up on everything The United States stock market crashed That means a lot of people and businesses lost huge amounts of money This led to the Great Depression The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. It started in the US The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged Some economies started to recover by the mid1930s. In many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the end of World War II.