Transcript Document

STANDARD(S):
CH 2-SEC 4
11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the
founding of the nation.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1.
2.
3.
Explain how the United States confronted
the difficult task of forming a new
government.
Summarize America’s developing foreign
policy with France, Great Britain, and
Spain.
Identify some of the deep divisions
between Federalists and Republicans.
Section 4
Launching the Nation
With George Washington as its first president,
the United States begins creating a working
government for its new nation.
NEXT
The US Constitution
LAUNCHING THE NEW NATION
• The hero of the
Revolution was the
unanimous choice for the
nation’s first president
• Washington took office
under the Constitution
and with the Congress
• He faced an enormous
task of creating a new
government
America’s First President
SECTION
4
Launching the Nation
Washington Heads the New Government
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Judiciary Act of 1789—federal courts are
superior to state courts
Continued . . .
NEXT
Government Organization

• One of Washington’s
first tasks was to create
a judicial system
– Judiciary Act 1789
set up our justice
system
• Set up federal court
system,
• Established federal
Circuit courts, and
district courts
• Allows state courts
decisions to be
appealed to federal
courts
GUIDED READING:
Government Organization
1. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?
Set up the federal court system;
established federal circuit and district courts;
allowed state court decisions involving the federal
Constitution to be appealed to a federal court
SECTION
4
Launching the Nation
Washington Heads the New Government
Washington Shapes the Executive Branch
•
•
•
•
•
Congress creates three executive departments to help president govern
Thomas Jefferson heads Department of State, foreign affairs
Henry Knox heads Department of War, military matters
Alexander Hamilton heads Department of Treasury, finances
Cabinet—these department heads become president’s chief advisors
Continued . . .
NEXT
Government Organization
• Washington created 3
cabinet executive
positions:
– Secretary of State:
Thomas Jefferson
– Secretary of War:
Henry Knox
– Secretary of
Treasury: Alexander
Hamilton

GUIDED READING:
Government Organization
2. What departments did Washington create and
whom did he appoint to head them?
State, headed by Thomas Jefferson;
War, headed by Henry Knox;
and Treasury, headed by Alexander Hamilton
SECTION
4
continued Washington
Heads the New Government
Hamilton and Jefferson: Two Conflicting
Visions
• Jefferson favors weak central government and
farming economy
• Hamilton favors strong central government and
commercial economy
Continued . . .
NEXT
Philosophies of Government
• Differences
within
Washington’s
cabinet gave
rise to a TwoParty System
Philosophies of Government
• How did Jefferson
feel about political
power and the
common people?
– Jefferson
distrusted
centralized power
– Jefferson trusted
the common
people
DemocraticRepublicans

Philosophies of Government

• How did Hamilton
feel about political
power and the
common people?
– He favored
centralized power
– Distrusted common
people
FEDERALISTS
GUIDED READING:
Philosophies of Government
3. How did Jefferson feel
about political power and
the common people?
Distrusted centralized
power;
trusted the common
people
4. How did Hamilton feel
about political power and
the common people?
Favored centralized power;
distrusted the common
people
SECTION
4
continued Washington
Heads the New Government
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
•
•
•
•
Hamilton wants to pay off national debts from the Revolution
He also wants a national bank to print money, handle taxes
James Madison and others say government lacks power to create bank
Hamilton favors loose, Madison strict interpretation of Constitution
Continued . . .
NEXT
2-4
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
• Hamilton wanted a
National Bank fully
funded by the
Government
• Opponents, like James
Madison, felt the
Constitution made no
provisions for such a
Federal bank
• Thus begins a long battle
between those who
interpret the Constitution
loosely vs. strictly
Philosophies of Government
• Why did Hamilton
support the national
bank?
– He believed it helped
to organize &
stabilize the nation’s
fianaces
– Tie wealthy investors
to the nation’s
success

Philosophies of Government
• Why did Jefferson
and Madison oppose
the national bank?
–He believed it was
UNCONSTITUTIONAL

GUIDED READING:
5. Why did Jefferson and 6. Why did Hamilton
Madison oppose the
support the national
national bank?
bank?
Believed it was
unconstitutional
Believed it would help to
organize and stabilize the
nation's finances;
It would tie wealthy
investors to the nation's
success
SECTION
4
continued Washington
Heads the New Government
The First Political Parties
• Two-party system—two political groups within the
government
• Federalists favor Hamilton, want strong central
government
• Democratic-Republicans favor Jefferson, want
strong state governments
NEXT
Party Politics
• Jefferson
established
the first
political
party.
– Anti-Federalist
• DemocraticRepublicans

Party Politics
• Hamilton
established
the first
political
party.
–Federalist

Party Politics
• Which region in
general
supported the
Federalist?
– Supported by
Northerners
• Hamilton was a
staunch
Federalist,
• Hamilton
believed in
commerce &
industry, while

Party Politics
• Which region in
general
supported the
Anti-Federalists?
– Supported by
Southerners
• Jefferson was an
Anti-Federalist
• Jefferson
believed in a
society of
farmer-citizens

2-4A Hamilton Vs. Jefferson
• How did Jefferson and Hamilton’s views of
govt differ?
– Hamilton was a staunch Federalist, while
Jefferson was an Anti-Federalist
– Hamilton believed in commerce & industry, while
– Jefferson believed in a society of farmer-citizens
GUIDED READING:
Party Politics
7. To which party
did Jefferson
belong?
DemocraticRepublican
8. To which party
did Hamilton
belong?
Federalist
GUIDED READING:
9. Which region in general supported the
Federalists? The Democratic-Republicans?
Federalist support-Northerners;
Democratic-Republican support
Southerners
SECTION
4
continued Washington
Heads the New Government
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Protective tariff—import tax to encourage
American production
• An excise tax levied on whiskey angers whiskey
producers
• Pennsylvania producers attack tax collectors;
federal militia responds
NEXT
2-4 WHISKEY REBELLION

• During Washington’s 2nd
term in office (1794),
Whiskey farmers,
angered by an excessive
tax, attacked tax
collectors
• Washington responded
with great force (13,000
troops)
• Set precedent for armed
force to support federal
authority – (Federalist)
• Contrast with Shay
Rebellion.
SECTION
4
Challenges at Home and Abroad
Addressing Foreign
Affairs
• French monarchy
overthrown (1789);
France at war with
Britain (1793)
• Federalists support
Britain, DemocraticRepublicans support
France
• Washington keeps
country neutral and
warns against
alliances
NEXT
The Pinckney Treaty
• Why did the United States want to access
to the Mississippi River?
• Travel and trade were difficult on the frontier and
the Mississippi offered the easiest means of
transportation for frontier and merchants.
SECTION
4
Challenges at Home and Abroad
Challenges in the Northwest
• Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) U.S. military defeats Native Americans
(August 20, 1794) was
the final battle of the
Northwest Indian War, a
struggle between
American Indian tribes
affiliated with the
Western Confederacy,
including minor support
from the British, against
the United States for
control of the Northwest
Territory
NEXT
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
The battle, which
was a decisive
victory for the
United States,
ended major
hostilities in the
region until
Tecumseh's War
and the Battle of
Tippecanoe in
1811.
SECTION
4
Challenges at Home and Abroad
Jay’s Treaty
• British evacuate Northwest
Territory posts but continue fur
trade
• Did not settle Caribbean trade
dispute; treaty barely passes
Senate
NEXT
SECTION
4
Adams Provokes Criticism
Parties and Sectionalism
• Federalist John Adams becomes
president
• Democratic-Republican Jefferson
becomes
vice-president
Continued . . .
NEXT
SECTION
4
Adams Provokes Criticism
Adams Tries to Avoid War
• France seizes U.S. ships to retaliate for U.S.
treaty with Britain
• XYZ Affair—low-level French officials demand
bribe from Americans
• U.S. and France seize each other’s ships;
Adams rejects war
Continued . . .
NEXT
2-4C
AFFAIR
XYZ

• Why did the French begin to seize US ships?
– In retaliation for US-British agreement over the Northwest
Territory, Which France regarded as a violation of the USFrench alliance of 1778.
– Adams sends official to France, 3 low level French
ministers ask for a bribe, thus the xyz affair.
– Next two years an undeclared naval war between France
& U.S. was waged
SECTION
4
continued Adams
Provokes Criticism
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• Federalists curb critics of government, pass Alien
and Sedition Acts:
- restrict citizenship, free speech; aimed at
Democratic-Republicans
- raise residency requirements, allow jailing or
deportation
- allow jailing or fining people expressing antigovernment views
NEXT
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS
• To counter what he
considered a threat against
the government, Adams
passed through Congress the
Alien and Sedition Acts
– Alien Act raised residence
requirements for citizenship
from 5 to 14 years and allowed
President to deport anyone
– Sedition Act set fines & jail for
anyone making false statements
against the government
SECTION
4
continued Adams
Provokes Criticism
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
• Jefferson, Madison organize state opposition in
Kentucky, Virginia
• Nullification—when a state invalidates laws it
deems unconstitutional
NEXT
STATES ATTEMPT TO NULLIFY
ALIEN & SEDITION ACTS

• Nullification: a state could nullify,
ignore, or consider void, any act
of Congress they deemed
unconstitutional
• In an event that would
foreshadow future conflicts, two
Southern States
• James Madison and Thomas
Jefferson wrote the Virginia &
Kentucky Resolutions: asserted
the principle of nullification