Transcript Chapter 4 Section 3

Chapter 4
Section 3
Jefferson in Office
THE JEFFERSONIAN ERA: SECTION 1
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3rd President of the U.S.
1800-1808
Election of 1800 pitted
Thomas Jefferson and his
Democratic-Republican
Party vs. John Adams and
his Federalist Party
While Jefferson defeated
Adams by 8 electoral votes,
he tied his running mate,
Aaron Burr
For six days the House of
Reps took vote after vote
until 36 votes later –
Jefferson prevailed (Led to
12th Amendment)
SIMPLIFYING THE GOVERNMENT
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Jefferson’s theory of
government, known as
Jeffersonian
Republicanism, held that
simple, limited
government was the best
for the people
Jefferson decentralized
the government, cut
costs, reduce
bureaucracy, and
eliminate taxes
Jefferson Memorial
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
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By 1803, French leader
Napoleon had abandoned
his dreams of an American
Empire
He needed money to fight
European wars, so he
accepted Jefferson’s offered
of $15,000,000
More than doubled the size
of our country
Lewis and Clark ordered to
go explore new territory
Lewis and Clark
Meriwether Lewis
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President Jefferson asked
Meriwether Lewis to lead an
expedition to explore the
new land
Followed the Missouri River
north and the Columbia river
west
Ended at the pacific Ocean,
they built a winter Fort (Fort
Clatsop) near modern day
Astoria Oregon.
Lewis and Clark
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Lewis pick his good
friend William Clark
to help him, these
men became
pathfinders, finding
a way through the
strange region, by
leading the
expedition.
Sacagawea
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Sacagawea was the
daughter of a
Shoshone chief
Joined the Lewis
and Clark
expedition as a
Shoshone
interpreter
Other Expeditions
Pike Expedition
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Zebulon Pike, the U.S. Army
officer who in 1805 led an
exploring party in search of
the source of the Mississippi
River
Expedition to explore the
American Southwest
In what ways did the routes
of the Lewis and Clark and
the Pike expeditions differ
from each other?
JOHN MARSHALL AND THE POWER
OF THE SUPREME COURT
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Before leaving office, John
Adams (2nd President), attempts
to “pack” the Federal courts with
Federalists Judges
Jefferson argued this was
unconstitutional
Supreme Court Chief Justice
Marshall rules in Marbury v.
Madison (1803) that part of the
Judicial Act was unconstitutional
Established principle of Judicial
Review – the ability of the
Supreme Court to declare a law
unconstitutional
Marbury v. Madison
John Adams loses election of 1800, now
the executive and legislative braches are
controlled by Anti-Federalists
 March 2nd, Adams appoints 42 Federalist
judges to newly created courts
 These judges are called the midnight
judges
 Jefferson takes off on March 4th
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William Marbury
William Marbury one of the midnight
judges
 Marbury commission as well as four other
were not delivered by John Marshall (then
the Secretary of State)
 Marbury sues Jefferson Secretary of State
James Madison to force him to deliver the
commission
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The Decision
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John Marshall now resides as the as the chief
justice of the Supreme court.
The court decides Madison should have
delivered the commission
The decision gave the authority to declare acts
of Congress unconstitutional if they exceeded
the powers granted by the constitution
The Supreme Court became the final authority
on interpreting the Constitution (Power of
Judicial Review)
How did the Supreme
Court decision in
Marbury v. Madison
strengthen the federal
judiciary?
The Barbary Coast
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Consisted of four states: Morocco, Tripoli, Tunis,
and Algeria
Established by Barbarossa in the 16th Century
The Barbary States demanded annual tribute
from seafaring nations
The tribute allowed ships to travel across the
Barbary Coast unmolested to trade in African
ports
Thomas Jefferson refused to Pay the tribute
The Barbary War
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In may of 1801 both sides declared war
Jefferson wanted the pirates to know the United
States would not tolerate them any longer
The United States tried several unsuccessful
assaults of the next several years
The Barbary War prompted the United States to
build a navy
Proved that America could actually fight a war
far from it’s shores.
First real test of the American military
What was the
significance of the
Barbary Coast War?