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World War I Review
Standard 11.2
FOCUS QUESTION
Examine how the role of the United
States changed in the world as a result
of World War I. e.g. political, military,
economic influece
Causes
1. The ‘isms’
• Militarism
• Nationalism
• Colonialism
2. Secret Alliances
3. “The Spark”
New Technology =
New kind of Modern War
1. Trench warfare
2. Air planes
3. Machine guns
4. Mustard gas
5. High causalities = stalemate across
the Western Front
Wilson and Neutrality
• Americans have divided loyalties in
1914
• Changing view
• German invasion of neutral Belgium
• U Boats, unrestricted warfare
• Lusitania
• Zimmerman Note
Getting Involved in World War I
•
politically neutral for first two years
of the war
• Protect its economic interests
• Germany’s unrestricted
submarine warfare
Behind the scenes
• Wilson does prepare for war (1915)
• National Defense Act = expanded Army
• Naval Construction Act
American Troops Join WWI
• “Doughboys” saw action in 1918
• 1.3 million Americans saw action in the
war
• They provided a necessary increase in
troops
Fighting the War
• Trench Warfare
• Many deaths due to
advancements in war
technology
• African Americans
• rarely saw combat
• were segregated
Home Front
• Changes
• Women- right to vote
• Blackmen
Selective Service Act
CPI
Espionage Act
upheld by SC in Schenck v. U.S.
(1919)
The Home Front (Loose lips sink ships)
Civil Liberties Denied
• The Espionage Act and the Sedition
Act
•
•
President can censor critics of the war effort
War efforts could be threatened
• Schenck v. U.S
•
the government can restrict the First
Amendment right to free speech in time of
war.
Home front II
• Great Migration
• Women gain more job opportunites
The Red Scare
• Definition – a wave of widespread fear of
suspected communists and radicals
thought to be plotting a revolution in the
US
• Anarchists
• 1920 Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
had police arrest thousands of radicals in
the “Palmer Raids”
The Red Scare (cont.)
• American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)
started to protect rights.
• Sacco and Vanzetti
• Italian Immigrants and known anarchists
• accused with shooting two men during a hold
up at a shoe factory
• ACLU provided defense
they were found guilty
• Sacco and Vanzetti were
electrocuted 8/23/1927
The Spanish Flu (Influenza)
• A bird flu mutated & spread to humans
• Gave people a feeling of doom….
Results
• Allies win with the assistance of
the United States
• Germany punished
• U.S world power
• League of Nations
•Congress and President disagree
on U.S. joining
Wilson’s Peace
“Peace without Victory”
Fourteen points
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Freedom of the seas
Freedom of trade
End of colonialism
Reduction of arms
No secret alliances
Self determination
League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference
• Allies want vengeance
• Allies create a League of Nations
• Ottoman Empire split into 3 provinces
Creates problems in the 20th century
later
Paris Peace Conference
• Allies reject Wilson’s ideas
• Vengeance/ revenge
• Allies create League of Nations
• Peace treaty causes as many problems as
it tried to solve
• Results
• New map of Europe
• Ottoman empire gone in Middle east
Treaty and the U.S. Senate
• Senate must APPROVE treaties
• U.S. Senate DISSAPPROVES TREATY
OF VERSAILLES
• U.S. Senate votes against joining the
League of Nations
• Problem: most U.S. Senators were
isolationists
• Result: League of Nations fails
Results in America
• US rejects Treaty of Versailles
• Did not want to be “entangled” in
world problems
• Isolationism
• Henry Cabot Lodge _ reservationists
• Rejected as written; wanted changes
• Nov. 1919 Senate rejects Treaty
• Senate isolationist
Effects of War
1.Flu Sept. 1918 – 1919
2. Red scare
communists and radicals
Sacco and Vanzetti executed
3. The United States becomes a world
power
• Creditor nation
Outcome Overviews
• German & Russian monarchies ended
• New gov’ts were formed
• Britain& France were
economically/politically weak
• US was prosperous
• new world order
The Economy Slows Post WWI
• Fewer women were working
• African Americans had to fight for jobs
with returning soldiers
• Race riots broke
• Inflation (rising prices) hit America
• 1919 4 million+ people went on strike for
better wages or work hours