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Info Sub topic’s Sub topic Sub topic Sub topic’s Sub topic Sub topic ‘s Sub topic Main Topic Sub Topic Sub Topic Info Sub Topic’s Sub topic Info Sub topic Sub Topic’s Sub Topic Info Sub Topic’s Sub Topic Main Topic Sub Topic Drawing That represents topic Sub Topic World War I (1914–1918) Imperial, territorial, and economic rivalries led to the “Great War” between the Central Powers and the Allies. WHEN… • Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife assassinated by Serbian nationalist, A assassin from Secret “BLACK HAND” Society • That started a domino effect of wars in Europe. • Austria declares war on Serbia • Britain declares war on Germany TWO SIDES OF WWI CENTRAL POWERS Germany AustriaHungary Bulgaria Turkey ALLIES Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium U.S. (later) Italy The SUSSEX PLEDGE, a promise made by Germany to stop sinking merchant ships, kept the USA out of the war for a bit longer. May 17, 1915 A German submarine sank the British ocean liner Lusitania.128 Americans were killed. The people of the United States were shocked! Wilson did not declare war, but instead asked Germany for an apology and for a promise not to attack any more passenger ships. Zimmerman Note • In March 1917, a German official, Arthur Zimmermann, cabled the German ambassador in Mexico, proposing that Mexico ally itself with Germany. (UNTED STATES ENTERS THE WAR IN 1918) • In return, Mexico would regain territory it had earlier lost to the United States. •TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA • To prevent strikes, the government established the NATIONAL WAR LABOR BOARD (NWLB) in 1918. • In exchange for wage increases, an 8-hour workday, and the right to organize unions & bargain collectively, the labor leaders agreed not to disrupt war production with a strike. • This “GREAT MIGRATION” changed the racial makeup of the many Northern cities. • Between 300,000 & 500,000 African Americans went from the South to the North. • Many MEXICANS moved north, providing labor for farmers & ranchers in the AMERICAN SOUTHWEST. • They faced DISCRIMINATION . • It was a draft to build up U.S military forces. Passed in May 1917, the act required all men aged 21 to 30 to register for military duty. •Espionage (Spy) Act: Detailed antiwar activities that’s demanded fines or imprisonment (Military, Action) • Sedition (treason) Act: Provided punishment to anyone using, “disloyal to the united states…” (Society, Language) 1. Stripped Germany of its armed forces 2. Germany must reimburse Allies for damages. 3. Germany must take blame for the start of WWI. The treaty marked the end of the War! • The 14 points laid out Wilson’s ideas for justice to all peoples and nationalities. • LEAGUE OF NATION: Called for member nations to help preserve peace and prevent future war. RED SCARE: After WWI, Americans associated communism with disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior. Trench Warfare Allies and Central Powers dug trenches to protect themselves from bullets and bombs. put up mazes of barbed wire around the trenches. They The area between the trenches was called "no man's land." Soldiers lived in the trenches. The trenches caused the war to be a “draw”. Trench Warfare Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land” NEW WEAPONS OF WWI TANKS – BRITISH FLAME THROWER – GERMANS U-BOATS (UNTERSEEBOOTEN) AIRPLANES GAS POISON MUSTARD MACHINE GUNS Turning Point in WW1 In 1918, John J. Pershing put together a massive attack. Forced one GERMAN position after another to fall to the advancing American troops. On 1918,11,11, Germany signed an “SETTLEMENT”, or cease-fire, that ended the war. Government Excess & Threats to the Civil Liberties of Americans 3. Schenck v. US – 1919 - in ordinary times the mailing of the brochures would have been protected by the 1st Amendment. - BUT, every act of speech must be judged to the circumstances in which it was spoken. - If an act of speech posed a clear and present danger, then Congress had the power to restrain such speech.