Transcript Nationalism and Sectionalism

Nationalism and Sectionalism
1812-1855
U. S. History 112
Casualties of the War of 1812
• Lives of many soldiers, settlers and
Indians
• U. S. economy
• British desire to fight wars with their
colonies
• Federalist Party
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Industrial Revolution
• Samuel Slater – 1790
• Born in England
• Apprenticed to pioneer in textile
technology
• Emigrated to US (forbidden by English
law)
• Built machinery and machines from
memory
• “Father of American Factory System”
• Produced cotton thread
• At death, owned 13 textile mills
• Francis Cabot Lowell – 1813
• Produced all steps to cloth
• “Lowell girls”
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Industrial Revolution
• Eli Whitney
• Inventor from New England
• Contract with government to make
10,000 guns in two years
• Interchangeable Parts – 1798
• To speed production
• To make repairs easier
• Cotton Gin – 1793
• 1 pound a day v. 1000 pounds a day
• Price of cotton skyrocketed, became major plantation
crop, plantation system spread, slavery increased
• # of slaves in South doubled 1790-1820
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Transportation
Revolution
• Roads
• Corduroy roads
• Plank roads
• Cumberland/National
Road - 1818
• Started Baltimore
1811
• Today US Route 40
• Wilderness Road
• Daniel Boone
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Transportation Revolution
• Steamship - 1807
• Robert Fulton – 1st commercially successful
• Reduced trip time from New Orleans to
Louisville, Kentucky from 4 months to 20 days
• Revolutionized river and transatlantic travel
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Transportation
Revolution
• Canals
• 3200 miles built 18161840
• Most in Northeast
• Erie Canal – completed
in 1825
• Best known
• Lake Erie – Hudson River
• Made New York City
nation’s greatest
commercial center
Progress in Industry and Transportation
• Transportation Revolution
• Railroads – 1830
• More durable and efficient
• Came from Britain
• Baltimore and Ohio (B & O) – 1st American
railroad
• Developed from Watt Steam engine
• 1840 – over 3300 miles of track
Sectional Differences
• Northerners
• Favored protective tariff, 2nd Bank
of the United States, internal
improvements at federal expense
• Economic pursuits - shipping,
fishing, lumbering and farming
• Significant industrialization
• Utilized free labor
• Powerful class of industrial capitalists
• Massachusetts – leading industrial
state
• Chief products – textiles, leather
goods, iron implements, utensils,
machinery
• Created jobs for large immigrant
population
Sectional Differences
• Southerners
• Opposed protective tariff, 2nd Bank of the United
States, internal improvements at federal expense
• Favored liberal land policy, territorial expansion
into the Southwest, expansion of slavery
• Farming economy
• Many small subsistence farmers
• Small # of wealthy plantation owners dominated
• Used slave labor
• Cash crops – tobacco, rice, sugar but cotton was “King”
• 1790 – 2 million pounds annually
• 1826 – 330 million pounds annually
Sectional Differences
African Americans
• All states practiced slavery
originally
• 1808 – Overseas slave trade
outlawed
• Northeast – no slaves
• South – demand for slaves
soared
• 1820 -1860
• Price went from $600 - $1800
• Number went from 1.5 million
to 4 million
Sectional Differences
• Westerners
• Favored protective tariffs, liberal
land policy, territorial expansion,
internal improvements at federal
expense
• Opposed 2nd Bank of the United
States, expansion of slavery
• Small, family-size farms
• Raised wheat, rye, corn, meat
• Worked hard on own farms to
improve economic status
Sectional Differences
• Native Americans
•Move them West!!
Nationalism in America
• Nationalism – Pride in America
• Sectionalism – Pride in section
of country
• Nationalism briefly dominant
• Most Americans favored
extending the powers of the
national government
• Most Americans considered
problems from a national rather
than a sectional viewpoint
Election of 1816
• Only one Party
• Democratic Republicans split in 1824
• James Monroe
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First heavy drinker
Died on Independence Day – 1831
Ambassador who purchased Louisiana
Refurbished White House after War of
1812
• Furniture Scandal
• Re-elected in 1820 receiving all but
one vote
• Administration called “Era of Good
Feeling” (1817-1823)
Foreign Affairs and Nationalism
• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
• US and Great Britain
• Resolved issue not addressed in Treaty of
Ghent
• Naval disarmament on Great Lakes
• Border between Canada and US
• Convention of 1818
• Set boundary of US and Canada at 49th
parallel
• Share Oregon Territory for 10 years
Foreign Affairs and Nationalism
• Purchase of Florida (1819)
• Problems
• Owned by Spain
• Harbored pirates, smugglers, runaway
slaves, Seminole Indians
• Raided American settlements in
Southeast
• Andrew Jackson
• Given command of troops to restore
order
• Crossed border, overthrew Spanish
government in Pensacola
• Not what he was ordered to do
• Sent ambassador to buy Florida
Foreign Affairs and Nationalism
• Adams-Onis Treaty
• John Quincy Adams – Secretary of State
• Luis de Onis – Spain Foreign Minister
• Provisions
• Spain sold Florida to the US for $5 million
• US gave up claims to Texas
• Spain would accept the 42nd parallel as the
boundary between the Oregon Country and
Spain’s colony of Mexico
Foreign Affairs and Nationalism
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
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Spanish colonies declared independence
Spain wanted them back
US wanted Spain out of W. Hemisphere
Doctrine states:
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W. Hemisphere closed to European colonization
US would not interfere with existing colonies
US would not interfere in European politics
Any attempt by Europeans to intervene in W.
Hemisphere would be viewed as dangerous to our peace
and safety – left vague so American response left to the
discretion of the President
The Supreme Court and Nationalism
• John Marshall
• Chief Justice for 34 years
• Supported trend toward
national power
• Opinions enlarged power
of the Supreme Court
• Broadened government’s
power over the states
• Established idea of
judicial review
Nationalism Challenged by Slavery Issue
• Missouri Compromise
• Issues
• Missouri Territory (part of Louisiana) applied
for admission to union as a slave state
• Upset balance between slave and free states
• Would give South control of Senate
• Compromise – work of Henry Clay
• Maine entered as a free state
• Missouri entered as slave state
• All territory north of 36 30’ parallel closed to
slavery