Transcript World War II - Lincoln Park High School

World War II
By: Jenny Ly
Period 9
American During the 1930’s
-The Great Depression reinforced the policy called isolationism.
- FDR & Congress passed four Neutrality Acts to reinforce this. The four Neutrality Acts of the
late 1930s represented an effort to keep the United States out of "foreign" wars.
1) Neutrality Act of 1935 - imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials
with all parties in a war. It also declared that American citizens traveling on warring ships
traveled at their own risk. The act was set to expire after six months.
2) Neutrality Act of 1936- renewed the provisions of the 1935 act for another 14 months. It
also forbade all loans or credits to belligerents.
3) Neutrality Acts of 1937- U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting any passengers or
articles to belligerents, and U.S. citizens were forbidden from traveling on ships of belligerent
nations.
4) Neutrailty Act of 1939- It ended the arms embargo which (under the previous Neutrality Act
of 1936) would have otherwise precluded the United States selling arms to France and Britain
because they were involved in a war.
The Rise of Dictators in Europe
Benito Mussolini
Italy
Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union
Adolf Hitler
Germany
Totalitarian Governments & Leader
Totalitarian Government:
A form of government that restricts personal
freedoms and prohibits political opposition.
Totalitarian Dictator :
The leader of a totalitarian government which
does not allow political opposition and seeks to
control all areas of society and citizens’ lives.
Totalitarian Governments &
Leaders
◼ Benito Mussolini
▪ Leader of Italy
▪ Fascist
◼ Fascist Ideology
▪ State over individual.
▪ Uses power to control property
owners.
▪ Citizens are expected to support
the government.
▪ Everything serves the
government: businesses, schools,
the media.
Totalitarian Governments &
Leaders
◼ Adolf Hitler
▪ Germany
▪ Socialist (Nazi)
Rise of Power
Include:
-Scapegoating
Extreme Nationalism
-Propaganda
-Fear Tactics
◼ Socialist (Nazi) Ideology
▪ State over individuals and human
rights.
▪ Control all aspects of German society.
▪ Redistribute wealth, welfare state,
nationalism & pride through
propaganda.
▪ Sought ownership of key industries:
banks, schools, Germany’s healthcare
system, segments of the church.
Totalitarian Governments &
Leaders
◼ Joseph Stalin
▪ Soviet Union
▪ Communist
◼ Communist Ideology
▪ Workers unite to overthrow
capitalism.
▪ Governments not necessary,
people share resources to
survive.
▪ Welfare of state over
individuals.
▪ State owned nearly all property;
limited personal freedoms.
Timeline of German Aggression
● 1921 - takes control of the National Socialist Party (a.k.a. the Nazis)
● 1923 - attempts Putsch (seizure of government) and fails; lands in jail,
where he writes Mein Kampf
● 1933 - becomes Germany’s Chancellor (begins passing restrictive laws
for Jews) Germany leaves League of Nations – Dachau opens
● 1934 - German president dies; Hitler takes over •
● 1936 - Takes back the Rhineland (forbidden!) •
● 1937 - Hitler renounces Treaty of Versailles
● 1938 - Munich Pact - gives Hitler Czechoslovakia
● 1939 - Non-aggression Pact with USSR
Countries Invaded By Germany
Meeting at Munich, 1938
-Germany, France, and Great Britain were the signers.
-A treaty was signed agreeing to Hitler’s capture of
Sudentenland in exchange for his promise not to invade
anymore territories
-This was known as appeasement which is the practice
of giving aggressors what they want and hoping they
will be satisfied and stop the aggressive behavior.
Meeting at Munich, 1938
Japanese Aggression
- Between 1937 and 1939 Japan tried to seize the rest of
China. They were successful along the coast, but not in
the countryside.
-In 1940 Japan allies with Germany and Italy to form the
Axis Powers.
(German, Japan, & Italy)
U.S. Policy: Isolation & Neutrality
-Problems were rising with aggressive dictators in
Europe and Japan however the United States continued
to practice isolationism, the policy of: The U.S.
staying out of any alliances that could drag it into
war in Europe or Southeast Asia.
World War II Begins in Europe
-Hitler believed the German people needed
lebensraum, which means “living space”. He
achieved this goal by conquering the Soviet Union,
use its land for the German people, and control its
rich natural resources.
WWII Begins in Europe
-Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Joseph
Stalin which was an agreement that neither country
would attack the other.
-Hitler saw it as a way to keep the USSR from attacking
Germany
-Stalin saw it as a way to provide the USSR with time to
prepare for Germany’s inevitable invasion.
WWII Begins in Europe
-In September 1939 Hitler’s army invaded Poland.
Germans used a strategy called blitzkrieg (meaning
“lightening war”). This strategy involved striking fast
and hard with tanks and airplanes, catching other
nations off guard and allowed Germany to quickly
overwhelm the nations it invaded.
The Lend-Lease Act
-On March 1941: Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which
enables the president to send aid to any nation whose defense is
considered vital to the United States’ national security. This
enables the U.S. to aid Great Britain.
-One of the greatest dangers to the U.S. Lend-Lease policy was the
German U-boats, which were submarines that traveled
underwater that could sink ships that carried weapons and
supplies to Great Britain.
-The United States had Liberty Ships, which were cargo ships
that would be used for transporting U.S. goods to Great Britain to
support its war effort against the Nazis.
The U.S. Enters War:
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
The U.S. Enters War: Pearl Harbor
-Japanese airplanes began bombings on the Pacific Fleet
at Pearl Harbor.
-United States military detected incoming planes but
they ignored the warning because they thought it was
U.S. planes arriving from the mainland.
-In less than two hours, the Japanese air attack sank or
seriously damaged a dozen 12 naval vessels, destroyed
almost two hundred 200 warplanes, and killed or
wounded nearly three-thousand 3,000 people.
December 8, 1941
-Both houses of
Congress approved a
declaration of war
against Japan and
later against
Germany and Italy as
well.
Ending of World War II
-The war ended in Europe when Germany surrendered on
May 7, 1945. Germany was defeated by the British and
Americans in the South and West and by the Russians in the
East.
>This day was called V-E Day. V-E meant “victory in
Europe.”
-Japain unconditionally surrendered to the U.S on
September 2, 1945 after two atomic bombs were dropped by
the U.S.A on Nagaski and Jiroshima in Japan in August 1945.