Transcript American Imperialism 1870-1914

American Imperialism
1870-1914
US History
Essential Questions:
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1. Does the United States have the right to
tell other countries how to run their
governments?
2. Does the United States have the right to
tell other countries how their people
SHOULD live?
3. Does the US have the right to go into
foreign lands to get resources we need?
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If you were going to invade any country in
the world- where would you invade and for
what purpose?
I. What is imperialism?
a. the policy by which stronger countries
extend their political, military, and economic
control over weaker countries
b. Can be DIRECT or INDIRECT
II. Causes of American Imperialism
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a. competition with European imperialist
countries
b. ideas of cultural and racial superiority
c. for strategic military locations
d. To spread Christianity and Western
Civilization
e. For natural resources and to open new
markets to sell American products
White Man’s Burden
III. US acquires new lands…
a. Alaska- how?
b. Hawaii- how?
IV. Spanish American War 1898-1901
a. Spain owned Cuba, Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and
lots of small islands in the Pacific Ocean
b. Cuba wanted Independence from Spain
c. US decides to help Cuba overthrow Spanish
government but needed an excuse to go to war
d. U.S.S. Maine blows up in Havana’s harbor, yellow
journalists sensationalize reports of Spain’s
mistreatment of Cuban nationalists
e. Rough Riders
1. Theodore Roosevelt emerges as a war
hero
2. Rough Riders- volunteer cavalry unit
F. Outcome of the Spanish-American
War
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US wins
G. US Acquires New Territory from the
Spanish-American War
1. US gains Guam, Puerto Rico, Phillipines, Samoa,
Wake Island, Christmas Island, among many others
2. US still controls Cuba indirectly although they are
technically “free”
a. US retains the right to intervene in Cuba if our business
interests are threatened
b. US helps draft Cuban Constitution
3. US is officially an EMPIRE now!
3. Phillipines rebel against US presence
a. stage three year guerilla war
b. led by Emilio Aguinaldo
V. US wants in on China!
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US wants to sell China products
Senator John Hay- Open Door policy
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Chinese mad- Boxer rebellion
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VI. Theodore Roosevelt as Leader
a. When TR becomes president in 1901, he
believes in imperialism
b. Wants US to be seen as a tough dude
c. “Walk softly and carry a big stick”
d. Teddy wants a canal
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But how was he going to get it?
1. Panama wanted to separate from
Colombia
2. US helps Panama overthrow Colombian
government in exchange for the canal
Panama-Canal
e. What was it like to build the canal?
F. Why is the Panama Canal
important?
G. Great White Fleet
Great White Fleet
a. Symbolic show of American power
b. Navy=a country’s strength
1. based on Alfred T. Mahan’s book The
Influence of Sea Power Upon History
2. Strong navy= strong nation
H. TR exerts power over Latin America
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Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary- asserts US power to
intervene in Latin America
“Sphere of influence”
“Hemispheric Hegemony”
US Interventions in Latin America- 1890-TODAY
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Argentina 1890 TroopsBuenos Aires interests protected
Chile1891 TroopsMarines clash with nationalist rebels
Haiti1891Troops Black workers revolt on U.S.-claimed Navassa
Island defeated
Nicaragua1894Troops Month-long occupation of Bluefields
Panama1895 Naval, troops Marines land in Colombian
province
Nicaragua1896 TroopsMarines land in port of Corinto
Cuba1898-Naval, troops Seized from Spain, U.S. still holds
Navy base at Guantanamo
Puerto Rico1898-Naval, troops Seized from Spain, occupation
continues
Nicaragua1898TroopsMarines land at port of San Juan del Sur
Nicaragua1899TroopsMarines land at port of Bluefields
Honduras1903TroopsMarines intervene in revolution
Dominican Republic1903-04TroopsU.S. interests protected in
Revolution
Cuba1906-09TroopsMarines land in democratic election
Nicaragua1907Troops"Dollar Diplomacy" protectorate set up
Honduras1907TroopsMarines land during war with Nicaragua
Panama1908TroopsMarines intervene in election
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Nicaragua1910TroopsMarines land in Bluefields and Corinto
Honduras1911TroopsU.S. interests protected in civil war
Cuba1912TroopsU.S. interests protected in Havana
Panama1912TroopsMarines land during heated election
Honduras1912TroopsMarines protect U.S. economic interests
Nicaragua1912-33Troops, bombing20-year occupation, fought
guerrillas
Mexico1913NavalAmericans evacuated during revolution
Dominican Republic1914NavalFight with rebels over Santo
Domingo
Mexico1914-18Naval, troopsSeries of interventions against
nationalists
Haiti1914-34Troops, bombing19-year occupation after revolts
Dominican Republic1916-24Troops8-year Marine occupation
Cuba1917-33TroopsMilitary occupation, economic protectorate
Panama1918-20Troops"Police duty" during unrest after
elections
Honduras1919TroopsMarines land during election campaign
Guatemala1920Troops2-week intervention against unionists
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Costa Rica1921Troops
Panama1921Troops
Honduras1924-25TroopsLanded twice during election strife
Panama1925TroopsMarines suppress general strike
El Salvador1932NavalWarships sent during Faribundo Marti
revolt
Uruguay1947Nuclear threatBombers deployed as show of
strength
Puerto Rico1950Command operationIndependence rebellion
crushed in Ponce
Guatemala1954-?Command operation, bombing, nuclear
threatCIA directs exile invasion and coup d'Etat after newly
elected government nationalizes unused U.S.'s United Fruit
Company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua; long-term result:
200,000 murdered
Panama1958TroopsFlag protests erupt into confrontation
Cuba1961Command operationCIA-directed exile invasion fails
Cuba1962Nuclear threat, navalBlockade during missile crisis;
near-war with Soviet Union
Panama1964TroopsPanamanians shot for urging canal's return
Dominican Republic1965-66Troops, bombingMarines land during
election campaign
Guatemala1966-67Command operationGreen Berets intervene
against rebels
Chile1973Command operationCIA-backed coup ousts
democratically elected Marxist president
El Salvador1981-92Command operation,
troopsAdvisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers
briefly involved in hostage clash; long-term result:
75,000 murdered and destruction of popular movement
Nicaragua1981-90Command operation, navalCIA directs
exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbor mines against
revolution; result: 50,000 murdered
Honduras1982-90TroopsManeuvers help build bases
near borders
Grenada1983-84Troops, bombingInvasion four years
after revolution
Bolivia1987TroopsArmy assists raids on cocaine region
Panama1989Troops, bombingNationalist government
ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed
Haiti1994-95Troops, navalBlockade against military
government; troops restore President Aristide to office
three years after coup
Venezuela2002Command operationFailed coup attempt
to remove left-populist president Hugo Chavez
Haiti2004-TroopsRemoval of democratically elected
President Aristide; troops occupy country
Reflection:
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Was American imperialism necessary for
the US to become a rich and powerful
nation? Why or why not?