Transcript Chapter 14 Lesson 2 Day 2

Discussion

What do you think the
expression total war means?
A war using all available weaponry
and resources, which targets
everything related to the enemy. It
is an unlimited war involving all
sectors of society.
Discussion

How might total war differ from
other types of war?
it would be more extreme and
destructive. Other types of warfare
might have more specific targets or
more limited goals.
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Involvement of other nations: As the war
dragged on, both sides sought new allies. Bulgaria
joined the Central Powers of Germany, AustriaHungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Italy joined
the Allied Powers of France, Russia, and Great
Britain.
War outside Europe: The war became a world
conflict, with Britain defeating the Ottoman
Empire in the Middle East and Japan and Australia
seizing German colonies in the Pacific.
Entry of the United States: After Germany
resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in the
Atlantic despite strong U.S. protests, the United
States joined the Allied Powers in April 1917.
Discussion

How did the German policy of
unrestricted submarine warfare lead
to the entry of the United States into
the war?
The United States protested this policy.
When the Germans resumed it in 1917 to
blockade Great Britain, the United States
joined the Allied Powers.
Background

T. E. Lawrence (1888–1935), better
known as Lawrence of Arabia, was a
British scholar, military leader, and author.
He is best known for his military activities
during World War I, in which he led the
Arabs in a guerrilla campaign against
Ottoman control. A brilliant military
strategist and inspirational leader,
Lawrence has become a legendary figure.
He wrote about his exploits during the
Arab revolt in The Seven Pillars of
Wisdom.
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Increased government powers: As the war
dragged on, governments drafted millions of
soldiers into the military. They also took over
wartime economies, setting up wage, price, and
rent controls; rationing food and supplies; and
seizing transportation systems and industries. All
citizens became viewed as participants in the war
effort.
Police powers and propaganda: As casualties
increased, governments faced growing opposition
to the war. Some regimes used force to crush
dissent. Others used censorship and propaganda
to quiet the opposition and build support for the
war effort.
Discussion

Why might a war of attrition lead to a total
war?
A long war of attrition with heavy casualties could
become increasingly unpopular. As the war
dragged on, opposition to the war could grow.
Governments might need to increase their powers
to find enough troops to fight, to force businesses
and industries to support the war effort, and to
silence opposition. Propaganda might be needed
to build morale.
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New occupations: With many men fighting at
the front, women took over jobs that had not
been available to them before—in businesses, on
farms, and in heavy industry.
Loss of jobs at war's end: The place of women
in the workforce, however, was not secure. At the
end of the war, men returned to their old jobs,
leaving many women unemployed.
Social and political gains: The roles women
played in wartime had a lasting impact, resulting
in important gains for women's rights. Soon after
the war women won the right to vote in the
United States, Britain, Germany, and Austria.
Discussion

Why do you think many women
were granted the right to vote
following World War I?
Women had filled in for men at
work and proved that they could do
jobs that had traditionally been
done by men.
Discussion

How do you think a total war affected
business and factory owners?
Newspaper reporters? Women?
Children?
Many business and factory owners lost
control of their businesses to
governments; newspaper reporters were
limited by censorship and propaganda.