Transcript Chapter 15-1 Notes

Chapter 15-1 Notes
15-1
Immigration
Europeans Flood into the U.S.
• By late 1800’s many European countries
made it easy to emigrate to America
• 14 million immigrants arrived between
1860-1900
• Most immigrates traveled by steerage,
least expensive mode of transportation on
steamship
• 14 day trip usually ended on Ellis Island
Continued
• Ellis Island served as processing center
for most immigrates arriving after 1892 on
the East Coast
• Most immigrants settled in cities, lived in
neighborhoods where they duplicated
many comforts of homeland
• Immigrants who learned English usually
adapted well in the U.S.
Asian Immigration
• Unemployment, famine, the discovery of
Gold in California all led many Chinese to
emigrate to U.S.
• Many Chinese worked on the railroads
• Chinese immigrants were laborers,
servants skilled tradesmen and merchants
• By 1900 many Japanese began to
immigrate to the U.S.
Asian Immigration continued
• In 1910 barracks was opened on Angel
island in California. Here, Asian
immigrants mostly young men and boys,
waited sometimes for months for the
results of immigration hearings.
• Angel Island was the entry point on the
west coast, while Ellis island was the entry
point on the East Coast
Resurgence of Nativism
• Increases in Immigration led to nativism,
an extreme dislike for foreigners by nativeborn people and the desire to limit
immigration.
• Earlier, in the 1840’s and 1850’s, nativism
was directed towards the Irish, In the early
1900’s,it was the Asian, Jews, and eastern
Europeans that were the focus of nativism
Nativism
• Led to the forming of two anti-immigration
groups
– American protective Association 500,00
members by 1887, wanted to stop
immigration, disliked Catholics and foreigners
– Workingman’s Party of California – wanted to
stop Chinese immigration, Racial violence
resulted.
Nativism continued
• 1882 Congress passed the Chinese
Exclusion Act that barred Chinese
immigration for 10 years and prevented
the Chinese already in America from
becoming citizens.
• This act was renewed by congress in
1892, made permanent in 1902, and not
repealed until 1943
15-2
Americans Migrate to the cities
• The urban population of the United States grew
from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million
by 1900
• Immigrants remained in the cities, where they
worked long hours for little pay. Still most
immigrants, most immigrants felt their standard
of living had improved in the united States.
• Farmers began moving to cities because of
better paying jobs, electricity, running, water,
plumbing, and entertainment
New Urban Environment
• Housing and Transportation needs changed due
to the increase in the amount of people living in
cities
• As the price of land increased, buildings owners
began to build up. Skyscrapers, tall steel frame
buildings were constructed because of this
• In late 1800’s various kinds of mass transit
developed to move large numbers of people
around cities quickly.
Separation by class
• Definite boundaries could be seen between
where the wealthy, middle class, and working
class people lived.
• Wealthy families lived in the heart of the city
where they constructed elaborate homes.
• The middle class, which included doctors,
lawyers, engineers, and teachers, tended to live
away from the city
• The majority of urban dwellers were part of the
working class who lived in city tenements, or
dark and crowded multi-family apartments.
Urban Problems
• The growth of cities resulted in an increase in
crime, fire , disease, and pollution. From 18801900, there was a large increase in the murder
rate.
• Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for
the increase in crime
• Alcohol contributed to crime in the late 1800’s
• Contaminated drinking water from improper
sewage disposal resulted in epidemics of
typhoid fever and cholera.
Urban Politics
• A new political system was needed to cope with
the new urban problems. The political machine,
and informal political group designed to gain and
keep, provided essentials to city dwellers in
exchange for votes.
• Party bosses ran the political machines.
• George Plunket, an Irish immigrant, was one of
new York city’s most powerful party bosses
Urban Politics continued
• The party bosses had tight control of the city’s
money. Many of the politicians became wealthy
due to fraud or graft- getting money through
dishonest or questionable means.
• The most famous new York Democratic political
machine was Tammany Hall. During the 1860’s
and 1870’s, Tammany Hall’s boss was William
M. Tweed. He was Arrested for corruption and
sent to prison in 1874