Transcript The Consequences of American Industrial Growth

The Consequences of
American Industrial Growth
Immigration
Labor Union
Native Americans
Strikes and Industrial Unrest
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By the 1890s, eastern and southern Europeans made up more
than half of all immigrants. Many were European Jews.
Europeans Flood Into the U.S.
For jobs
Reasons for
European
immigration
To avoid
religious
persecution
To avoid
forced military
service
Ellis Island – New York –
East Coast
 Most immigrants passed through Ellis
Island
 It took about a day
 The immigrants has to see a DR and
they would indicate the health of a
person by a colored chalk mark on
their clothes
 All different background, languages
and cultures
Southern and Eastern European
Immigration
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Most immigrants settled in
cities. They lived in
neighborhoods that were
separated into ethnic groups.
Here they duplicated many of
the comforts of their
homelands, including
language and religion.
Immigrants who learned
English, adapted to American
culture, had marketable skills
or money, or if they settled
among members of their own
ethnic group tended to adjust
well to living in the United
States.
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Examples of Ethic Communities
Greenwich Village – Jewish
Little Italy – Italian
China Town – Asian
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WRTIE WHAT IS BELOW
The increase in immigration
led to nativism. Nativism is
anti-immigrants and only for
citizen born in America to
have jobs and gov’t positions
Earlier nativism was directed
towards the Irish. In the early
1900s, it was towards the
Asian, Jews, and eastern
Europeans.

“Old” vs. “New” Immigrants
 New Immigrants: from southern and eastern
Europe. Some Americans feared that the New
Immigrants would not assimilate to life in their
new land.
 Old Immigrants: from Western Europe,
especially Britain, Germany, Ireland and
Scandinavia. Since they had Anglo-Saxon
(White) and Protestant (religious)
backgrounds, they were quickly incorporated
into American society.
Landing at Ellis Island, 1902
Americans Migrate to the Cities
 The urban population grew from 10
million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900.
 Immigrants remained in the cities, where
they worked long hours for little pay. Still,
most immigrants felt their standard of
living had improved in the United States.
 Farmers began moving to cities because
of better paying jobs, electricity, running
water, plumbing, and entertainment.
The New Urban Environment
 Housing and transportation needs
changed in cities.
 As the price of land increased, building
owners began to build up- skyscrapers.
 In the late 1800s, various kinds of mass
transit developed.
 Horsecar
 electric trolley cars
 elevated railroads
Separation by Class
 Wealthy families lived in the heart of the
city where they constructed elaborate
homes.
 The middle class (doctors, lawyers,
engineers, teachers) tended to live away
from the city.
 The majority were the working class who
lived in city tenements, or dark and
crowded multi-family apartments.
Urban Problems
 Increase in crime, fire, disease, and
pollution
 Alcohol
 Contaminated drinking water
 Improper sewage disposal
 Epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera
 Native-born Americans blamed
immigrants for the problems.
Asian Immigration to America
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Chinese immigration to the United States increased in in
the mid-1800s.
To escape
poverty and
famine
Reasons for
Asian
immigration
To fill jobs in
the railroad
industry
To escape
rebellion in
China
Asian Immigration
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In Western cities, Chinese
immigrants worked as
laborers, servants, skilled
tradesmen, and merchants.
Some opened their own
laundries.
Between 1900 and 1919,
Japanese immigration to
the United States drastically
increased as Japan began to
build an industrial economy
and an empire.
In 1910 a barracks was
opened on Angel Island in
California. Here, Asian
immigrants, mostly young
men and boys, waited
sometimes for months for
the results of immigration
hearings.
Pacific Coast
American Federation Union and
Samuel Gompers
 American Federation
Union
 Over 20 different trade
organizations came
together to form this
union
 Promoted 8 hour
workdays
 “Closed Shop” where
companies would only
hire Union workers
 The largest in the
Nation at the time
 Gompers was their
first leader – he
rejected communist
and socialist ideas
 Kept is “plain and
simple”
 Worked to get Unions
accepted into
American society
Samuel Gompers
Pullman Strike – industrial unrest
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1894 –The Pullman company
in Illinois built a town named
Pullman. It required its
workers to live there and buy
food from its stores
The Pullman company cut
wages
Workers began to complain
about the high costs of rent
and food
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The Pullman company fired
them and to show support
the American Railway Union
stopped handling Pullman’s
railcars
Pullman responded by tying
its railcars to US mail
railcars. If the ARU interfered
then they would be charged
with a federal crime
The President had to
intervene and send federal
troops
The Pullman Co. & the ARU
fell apart after the strike
Growth of Western Population and
its impact on Native Americans
 Dawes Act – forces Native Americans to live
and farm on reservations - 1887
 Wanted Native Americans to assimilate into
white culture – it failed
 The land was not profitable and Native
Americans didn’t want to give up their way
of life
 NA had depended on the buffalo for their
way of life and the herds had been wiped
out.
 Buffalo provided – food, fuel, clothing and
shelter
Sitting Bull
 Chief of the Lakota
Sioux
Wounded Knee
 1890 – the Gov’t
banned the Ghost
Dance (a dance to
communicate with
their ancestors)
 US Army tried to
arrest him and he
resisted
 Over 200 men, women
and children Sioux
died at Wounded Knee
including Sitting Bull
Question 1
Name 2 types of ethnic communities.
Question 2
What did the government ban in
1890?
Question 3
Name 3 problems associated with
more people moving into the cities.
Question 4
Who led the American Federation
Union?