Transcript The Cold War in Brief

The Cold War in
Brief
CST Prep Overview
Ms. Ramos
Alta Loma High School
• Cold War: conflict
fought in 3 theatres:
–Ideology
•Proxy wars
–Arms
–Space
Ms. Ramos
The Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
GOAL 
spread
world-wide
Communism
Copy this slide
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL 
“Containment” of
Communism & the
eventual collapse of
Communism
[George Kennan]
Ms. Ramos
• Allied leaders
decided to divide
Germany into 4
zones of military
occupation
– supposed to be
temporary
Ms. Ramos
• The United States wanted a reunited
Germany
• The Soviet Union wanted a divided
Germany that lacked power to start
wars. An Iron Curtain Falls After the
war, not only Germany, but Europe
itself, became divided into West and
East.
• At the war’s end, Soviet troops were
stationed in many Eastern European
nations. The Soviet Union refused to
permit free elections in these Ms. Ramos
nations.
jspivey.wikispaces.com/file/view/iron_curtain_TBBJ.gif/34482853/iron_curtain_TBBJ.gif
Ms. Ramos
• Eastern Europe became unified with
the Soviet Union.
• Western Europe became unified in
opposition to Soviet aggressionNuclear Weapons Tensions were
heightened by nuclear weapons
development in the two superpowers.
• 1952 The United States tests the
world’s first nuclear bomb.
• 1953 The Soviet Union tests its first
nuclear bomb. Economic Recovery The
economic recoveries of Germany and
Japan heralded another power shift.
Ms. Ramos
• In the 1950s, West Germany
began an economic boom as an
international industrial power
with investments in Asia and
Africa. (East Germany suffered
economically; the Soviets
collected war payments from East
Germany until 1954.)
• Japan’s astonishing economic
recovery also began in the 1950s.
Japan soon became the world’s
Copy this slide second-largest economy after the
United States.
Ms. Ramos
Truman Doctrine
• US would help people fight
oppressors
• Truman wanted to aid Greece
& Turkey fight Soviets
• Congress agreed- $400 billion
Ms. Ramos
Marshall Plan
• Aid program to rebuild
economies of Euro countries
to create stable democracies
• 17 countries received $13.4
billion
• Helped build strong political
support in Western Europe
Ms. Ramos
Czechoslovakia
• Feb 1948
• Pro-west president forced
resign & new const ratified
• Takeover by Czech
communists
• Soviet satellite
Ms. Ramos
http://www.dubuque.k12.ia.us/Central/coldwar/BerlinAirlift.jpg
Ms. Ramos
Berlin Crisis
• June 1948- May 1949
• Soviets plan to keep East
Berlin under communist
control... Wall
• Blockade of Berlin act of war…
US not to abandon Berlin
• What next?...
Ms. Ramos
Soviets Block Traffic
• 6/48: Soviets block any road,
rail, or river traffic into West
Berlin
• West Berlin cut from food,
coal, & goods
• Had airstrips
Ms. Ramos
http://richardwillisuk.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/berlin-airlift-map.png
Ms. Ramos
Berlin Airlift
• UK & US planes deliver
to W Berlin
• Lasted months
• Soviets end blockade
5/12/49
Ms. Ramos
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_DofLEXUVwIE/SDG3R61foVI/AAAAAAAA
DVI/EHwPnO3EyN4/s400/berlin%2B5.jpg
http://www.history.co.uk/shows/rise-and-fall-berlin-wall/gallery/carouselGallery/0/assetPhotos/01/image/1949Berlin-Airlift-copy.jpg
Ms. Ramos
NATO Est.
• US & 6 others join Belgium,
France, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
& UK
• Attack one, considered attack on
all
• Now, 26 countries belong to NATO
http://woodward7.wikispaces.com/file/view/nato_WarP-l.jpg
Ms. Ramos
http://greatpowerpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/nato-expansion.jpg
Ms. Ramos
Warsaw Pact
• Reaction to NATO
}
U. S. S. R.
}
East Germany
}
Albania
}
Hungary
}
Bulgaria
}
Poland
}
Czechoslovakia
}
Rumania
http://www.eutopia.be/pixelpost_v1.7.1/index.php?showimage=124
Ms. Ramos
http://woodward7.wikispaces.com/file/view/nato_WarP-l.jpg
Ms. Ramos
Fall of China 1949
• 6/49 Jiang Jieshi defeated by
Mao
• Oct 1: Mao declares People’s
Republic of China (PRC)
• Dec: Mao travels to Moscow
– Sino-Soviet Treaty of
Friendship: alliance & mutual
assistance
• US worried re: spread of
communism
Ms. Ramos
Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962
• U.S. response in the Cuban Missile
Crisis was an example of
brinkmanship—the willingness to go to
the brink, or edge, of war in order to
force an end to a crisis.
• US discovered Soviet missile sites on
the island of Cuba.
• US blockaded Cuba and threatened to
attack the Soviet Union.
• USSR agreed to remove the missiles.
Ms. Ramos
STUDY
• Study your notes and reviews
for the CST exam. You will take
the World Exam on Thursday.
We will complete a review
activity when I return.
•STUDY!