Transcript Chapter 10 and Final Exam Review

Chapter 10 and
Final Exam Review
A Virginia delegate to the Philadelphia Constitutional
Convention, and is considered the “Father of the
Constitution” for his many contributions to the basic
structure of our government. He authored the Virginia
James Madison Plan which proposed representation in the Congress
based on population. He supported ratification of the new
U.S. Constitution and wrote over a third of the Federalist
Papers, promoting its ratification. He proposed the Bill of
Rights.
Alexander
Hamilton
A delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from
New York. As a proponent of a strong central government,
he was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers
(essays that promoted the ratification of the Constitution).
Appointed by Pres. Washington as the Secretary of the
Treasury who developed the republic’s financial plan,
which created a national bank, a very controversial issue.
George
Washington
He sides with the Federalists in the debate over ratification
and is elected the First President of the United States in
1788. He set many precedents, including: served two terms
between 1789 and 1797. During his two terms he started
regular meetings of his cabinet and supported Alexander
Hamilton's plans to deal with war debts and create a
currency system for the new nation. He was a Federalist,
believing in a strong central government and the
responsibility of the wealthy to ensure the wellbeing of all,
but he remained open to the opinions of others, especially
fellow Virginian Thomas Jefferson. In 1793 he sought to
avoid another war with European powers, Britain and
France, by issuing the Neutrality Proclamation, a move
which incensed pro-French Jeffersonians but heartened
Federalists. This stands as one of his greatest
accomplishments because it allowed the United States to
build a solid system of government, expand westward, and
develop a merchant marine to engage in trade without
becoming embroiled in another European war.
In 1796 George Washington decided not to pursue
a third term as President of the United States
thereby allowing the election of a successor. His
farewell address to his cabinet, delivered on
September 17, stressed three dangers facing the
nation. The first related to the rise of political
parties which he believed could divide Americans
and destroy the cooperation needed in
Washington’s government. The second was sectionalism, or
Farewell Address political divisions based on geographic loyalties.
(1796)
The third was the involvement in European
rivalries that repeatedly drove those nations to
war. The last served as a cornerstone of American
foreign policy until this country’s involvement in
World War I. He also supported the preservation
of religion and morality as “the great pillars of
human happiness” and educational institutions
for the “general diffusion
of knowledge.”
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
61. George Washington’s service as president of the U.S. was an
example of civic virtue . He accepted the presidency
because he felt it was his duty to serve the people, rather than
retire to his plantation.
‘to render service to my country in
obedience to its call…’
-George Washington
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62. Alexander
Alexander Hamilton:
Hamilton a leader of the Federalists, first
Treasurer of the United States, and creator of the Bank of the
U.S. - killed in a duel by the V. P. of the U. S.
You lie Tom!! The
national government must
be strong & the bank’s a
great idea.
The bank is unconstitutional.
Power to the states & may
my V.P. shoot you dead!
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65. President Washington demonstrated the increased
power of the Federal government by sending the
army to stop the Whiskey Rebellion.
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66. The first Political parties were formed as a result of
disagreements over the powers of the federal
government between Hamilton and Jefferson.
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Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
67. George
George Washington
Washington’s Farewell Address advised the United
States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to
avoid “entangling alliances”.
The great rule of conduct for us in regard to
foreign nations is in extending our commercial
relations, to have with them as little political
connection as possible....It is our true policy
to steer clear of permanent alliances
with any portion of the foreign world....
- George Washington’s Farewell Address
U.S. Constitution
1787
Press
Petition
Assembly
The government does not control
the press; media are free from
government control
People have the right to assemble
peacefully in public places
People can make complaints to the
government and ask for
government to make changes
Government cannot people from
expressing their viewpoints
Religion
Congress cannot make a law
establishing a national religion or
preventing the exercise of religion
Speech
Executive
– enforces the law
Judicial
– interprets the law
Legislative
– makes laws
Articles of Confederation 1781
the nation’s first constitution; lacked
the power to tax, regulate trade, or
control coinage lack of power to
create a national army
Magna Carta 1215
granted rights to noblemen
and freemen. Limited power
of the king
House of Burgesses 1619
The First Representative Body in
the colonies; Virginia
2.
3.
4.
Keep and bear arms
No quartering soldiers
No Illegal
search/seizure
5. Rights of the accused
6. Fair and speedy trial
7. Trial by jury
8. No Excessive bail/cruel
& unusual punishment
9. People rights protected
10. Reserve clause – rights
of states and people
Federalism
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
Republicanism
Individual rights
Popular sovereignty
Limited government
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
the first constitution in the American colonies;
extended voting rights to non-church members
and limited the powers of the governor, expanded
ideas of representative government
Mayflower Compact 1620
first system of selfgovernment in America.
English Bill of Rights 1689
supported a limited
monarchy, gov’t based of laws
made by parliament provided a
system of shared power; rights
given to ALL Englishmen
Founding
Documents
Revolution Events
eclaration of Independence – Thomas Jefferson
rticles of Confederation
exington – 1st battle of the Revolution
aratoga – US victory - Turning point of Revolution –
Help from France
Valley Forge – American winter camp; forged better army
onstitution – James Madison “Father of Constitution”
orktown – Last major battle of Revolution; British surrender
Jamestown -1st perm. English settlement
NY
Mayflower Compact – 1st system of selfgov’t
PA
Declaration of Independence – Freedom
from Englsih Rule
VA
NJ
NH
MA
CT RI
MD DE
NC
SC
Constitution –Replaced Article of Confed.
GA
Southern
Colonies
- Great Lakes
New England - Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing,
shipbuilding, whaling
Middle Colonies - subsistence farming, good soil, warm climate
NW Territory
US in 1783
Atlantic Ocean
- Appalachian Mtns
Southern Colonies - Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops,
plantation system
- Gulf of Mexico
Spanish
Territory