Transcript WWI

World War I
Mrs. O’Shea
United States History
CHSAS
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier –
Arlington Cemetery
Overview
Causes of WWI
 U.S. involvement in the war
 Effects of the war on the United States
(home front)
 Peace efforts after war
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Nationalism
Causes
Nationalism
Intense pride in nation
Problem = Countries act on their own best
interest
Nationalism
Imperialism
Causes
Imperialism
Scramble for colonies
Problem = competition leads to conflict
Nationalism
Imperialism
Causes
Militarism
Militarism
Countries in Europe were spending large
amounts of money on building up their
armed forces.
Problem: Constantly planning war made war
more inevitable.
Nationalism
Imperialism
Causes
Militarism
System
of Alliances
System of Alliances
Countries created protective
relationships with other
countries
Problem: If conflict occurs
between two countries, other
countries are bound by their
relationships into the conflict.
I got your back
Russia!
Nationalism
Imperialism
Causes
Militarism
System
of Alliances
Assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
 Heir to Austro-Hungarian
Empire
 Shot by Bosnian
nationalist
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Spark of War
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Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on
July 28, 1914
Russia announces it mobilization for war.
Germany declares war on Russia – August 1,
1914
Germany declares war on France – August 3,
1914
Great Britain declares war on Germany – August
4, 1914
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/
BIG PLAYERS
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Allies
Serbia
Russia
France
Great Britain
1914 – Wilson declares
neutrality
(protect investments)
New Technology in Warfare
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Machine guns = 600
rounds per minute
Rapid fire artillery
Poison gas
Airplanes and Airships
(Zeppelins)
Tanks
U-boats
Trench Warfare
The Allies and Central
Powers dug nearly 6,2500
miles of trenches by the end
of 1914.
Lice
Trench foot
Rats
Dysentery
Trench fever
http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_tr
ench.html
Ships lost to submarines
Year
1914
Number of
3
Ships
1915
396
1916 1917 1918
964 2,439 1,035
Battle of Somme
Example of deadlock and carnage of WWI trench
warfare
 British sustained nearly 60,000 casualties
(20,000 dead) on the first day of the attack.
Casualties
British = 420,000
French = 200,000
Germans = 500,000
 Allies gained about one mile in the advance.
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Warm-up
Just before World War I, about one third of all Americans
were first or second generation immigrants. When the war
broke out in Europe, many of these Americans citizens still
felt very close to their “old countries.”
Which ethnic groups in the United States might have
favored the nations of the Central Powers? Why?
Which ethnic groups might have favored the Allies?
Why?
U.S. Involvement in WWI
Opposition to autocratic Kaiser
Wilhelm
2. Most immigrants favored Allies
3. Propaganda fueled by Britain
(got our news only from
them)
1.
4.
Sinking of passenger
ships by U-boats (Lusitania,
Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois,
Vigilancia)
5.
Zimmerman Note – if
Mexico declares war on
U.S., Germany would
give them land after war
6.
Russian Revolution
– Czar is overthrown
1917 – Wilson declares
War
“make the world safe for
democracy”
Review for Quiz
Four Causes of WWI
Spark that started the war
Central Powers vs. Allied Powers
New Weapons
What does it mean to be neutral?
Six Reasons that U.S. entered the war
What side did we enter the war on?
Who was our President? How did he justify going
to war? What was his goal?
Mobilizing Troops
Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediately
 Selective Service Act – all men between
21-30 must register
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24 million registered
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3 million drafted
Trained and transported by convoy
(thwarted u-boats)
Homefront
Liberty Bonds - $20 million
 Factories – commercial goods -> war
goods
 Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Herbert
Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing,
daylight savings time
 Fear of German-Americans
 Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to discuss
anything disloyal about the U.S.
government, army, navy
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Propaganda Posters
For each poster, answer the following
questions.
 What is the purpose of this poster?
 What type of person is this poster directed
towards?
 Describe the use of art – characters, color
(use your imagination), lettering,
backgrounds.
End of War
Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed
truce with Germany
 Germany refocused attention on western
front – gave one more big push
 Germany overwhelmed by U.S.
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Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November
1918
8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) =
average of about 5,000 a day
22 million dead
U.S. losses
48,000 battle deaths
2,900 missing in action
56,000 disease related deaths
How do you make peace last?
Big Four – Paris Peace Conference
(France, Britain, Italy, Great Britain)
End of tangling alliances
George of Britain,
Clemenceau of France,
Orlando of Italy
Removal of trade barriers
Central Powers pay reparations
Wilson of U.S.
Reduction of military forces
Self-determination
League of Nations
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Divide up Germany’s colonies
Versailles Treaty
League of Nations
 9 new nations created from Germany
 Middle East divided up
 $33 million in war reparations for Germany
 Makes Germany admit responsibility
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Effects of War on U.S.
U.S. emerged as a leading industrial
power
 More migration north by African Americans
(Great Migration)
 Intensified anti-immigrant sentiments
 Brought women into workplace –
1920 = 19th Amendment
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