Transcript Chapter 18 Lesson 1 Day 1

Discussion

How do the locations of the Warsaw
Pact countries differ from the
locations of the NATO countries?
Why?
The Warsaw Pact countries were located
in Eastern Europe and northern Asia,
because they included the Soviet Union
and the nations it occupied. The NATO
countries were located in Western
Europe and North America, because
they included the United States and its
Western allies.
Fears of Communism and Fears of
Capitalism


The Soviet Union fears
capitalism: Worried that the Eastern
European nations that it had liberated
from the Nazis would become antiSoviet, the USSR kept its military forces
in those nations.
The West fears communism: The
United States and Great Britain wanted
the nations of Eastern Europe to be
allowed to determine their own
governments. Tensions between the
Soviets and the West increased.
Aiding Countries Threatened by
Communism

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Concerns about Greece and
Turkey: The withdrawal of British
involvement from a civil war in Greece
after World War II made the United
States fear that the Soviet Union would
try to spread communism into Greece
and Turkey.
The Truman Doctrine provides
aid: U.S. President Harry Truman asked
Congress for $400 million in aid for
Greece and Turkey. His Truman Doctrine
called for support for nations resisting
communism.
Aid to Western European Nations


The European Recovery Program: Believing
that communism was most likely to be adopted in
countries with economic problems, Secretary of
State George C. Marshall proposed giving
monetary aid to rebuild wartorn Europe in a
program called the European Recovery Program.
The program came to be known as the Marshall
Plan.
COMECON: The Soviet Union responded to the
Marshall Plan by founding the Council for Mutual
Economic Assistance, or COMECON. The
council had little success due to a lack of major
Soviet aid.
A Policy to Fight the Spread of
Communism

Kennan and Containment: U.S.
diplomat George Kennan
recommended a policy of
containment in 1947 to keep
communism within its existing
boundaries. The U.S. government
adopted Kennan's plan.
East-West Tensions Come to a Head in
Berlin

East and West
Germany: Disagreements among the
Allies about a final peace treaty after
World War II, resulted in Germany being
occupied by four countries: France,
Britain, the United States, and the
USSR. The Soviets tried to blockade the
part of Berlin occupied by the other three
countries, but it was foiled by an airlift. In
1949, Germany was divided into two
parts.
Discussion

Why do you think the U.S. chose
a policy of containment rather
than trying to force the Soviets
out of Eastern Europe?
the United States had just finished
a war and did not want to get into
another one with a country as
powerful as the Soviet Union.
Discussion

How were the alliances formed
after World War II successful in
preventing another war?
NATO countries had enough
combined power that the Soviet
Union couldn't run the risk of
pushing them into war.