Transcript Origins of the Cold War and Containment Winston Churchill

Origins of the Cold
War and
Containment
Winston Churchill
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In 1946, Winston Churchill
delivered his "Iron Curtain"
speech.
Although today it is regarded
as one of the most
influential speeches of the
period, the speech was not
well received at the time.
Some thought Churchill was
seeking an Anglo-Saxon
alliance against the Soviet
Union -- something the
general American public felt
unnecessary at the time.
George Kennan
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The single document that best illustrated
American anti-communism and general
suspicion of Soviet aspirations, was
George Kennan's famous Long Telegram
of 1946.
Kennan witnessed collectivization and the
terror from close range
In 1946, Kennan was 44 years old, fluent
in the Russian language and its affairs, and
decidedly anti-communist.
The essence of Kennan's telegram was
published in Foreign Affairs in 1947 as "The
Sources of Soviet Conduct" and circulated
everywhere.
For Kennan, the Cold War gave the
United States its historic opportunity to
assume leadership of what would
eventually be described as the "free
world."
Truman Doctrine
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Truman stressed the duty of the
United States to combat totalitarian
regimes worldwide.
His March 12, 1947 speech
specifically called for $400 million
in aid to be delivered to Greece
and Turkey.
The Doctrine shifted American
foreign policy as regards the Soviet
Union from Détente to, as George
F. Kennan phrased it, a policy of
containment of Soviet expansion.
Historians often use it to mark the
starting date of the Cold War.
The Marshall Plan
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This map shows aid received by
European nations in a graphical format.
The Marshall Plan was
proposed to help Europe
begin its ascent from the
ashes of World War II.
The Plan took root in the
Economic Cooperation
Administration (ECA)
created by Congress in April,
1948.
Its official title was the
European Recovery Program.
NATO Treaty and Warsaw Pact
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This map shows the division of Europe
between the NATO Treaty (green) and
the Warsaw Pact (orange). The United
States and Canada are also part of
NATO.
The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) was
established as an
international organization for
defense collaboration
established in 1949 which
attempted to align nations
opposed to Soviet expansion.
Similarly, the Warsaw Pact
was signed by eastern
European nations in an
effort to combat western
alliances.
Cold War Maps
These two maps illustrate the shifting global alliances evident from 1959 to 1982 at the
end of the Cold War
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Multimedia Citations
Slide 2:
http://www.24hourmuseum.org.uk/chg/content/images/2005_1053.JPG
Slide 3:
http://media.npr.org/news/images/2005/mar/18/george_kennan150.jpg
Slide 4: http://claver.gprep.org/fac/sjochs//truman1.jpg
Slide 5:
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/2/24/300pxMarshall_Plan.png
Slide 6: http://www.worldstats.org/continents/europe/maps/history_6.gif
Slide 7: http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htm
Slide 8: http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/coldwar1.htm