Transcript Lesson 7.4a: The Legacy of the War

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7.4 Graphic Organizer A
Advantage
Advantage
Advantage
American Victory
Advantage
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7.4 Graphic Organizer B
Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
Costs of the War
Issues After the
War
Lesson 7.4a:
The Legacy
of the War
Today we will describe
the circumstances
surrounding the end of
the Revolutionary War.
Vocabulary
• circumstances – events or conditions
related to another event
• motivation – the reason for someone to
act
• interior – the part of a country that is
away from the coast
• foreign aid – help provided by another
country
What We Already Know
In 1781, Lord Cornwallis surrendered to
Washington at Yorktown, effectively
ending the Revolutionary War.
What We Already Know
Without the
military and
financial support
of France,
Washington’s
victory at
Yorktown would
not have been
possible.
Rochambeau and Washington
What We Already Know
Loyalists frequently faced harassment and
even violence at the hands of Patriots.
Why the Americans Won
• In November 1783, the last British ships and
troops left New York City, and American troops
marched in.
• Weeping, Washington said good-bye to his
officers in a New York tavern.
• The Americans had won independence even
though they faced many obstacles.
Why the Americans Won
• They lacked training,
experience, supplies,
and weapons.
• The British forces
ranked among the best
trained in the world.
• The British had
experience and good
supplies.
• And yet, the Americans
had four advantages
over the British.
Better Leadership
• British generals were overconfident
and made poor decisions.
• By contrast, Washington learned
from his mistakes.
Better Leadership
• After early defeats,
he developed the
strategy of
dragging out the
war to wear down
the British.
• Despite many
difficulties,
Washington never
gave up.
Foreign Aid
• Britain’s rivals, France & Spain,
helped America.
• Foreign loans and military aid were
essential to America’s victory.
Knowledge of the Land
• The Americans knew the land where the war
took place and used that knowledge well.
• The British could control coastal cities but
could not extend their control to the interior.
Better Motivation
• The Americans had more reason to fight.
• At stake were not only their lives but also
their property and their dream of liberty.
1. What advantages enabled
the Americans to win the
Revolutionary War?
A. Better leadership
B. A well-trained, well-equipped army
C. Knowledge of the land
D. Large numbers of Indian allies
E. Foreign aid
F. High motivation
Choose all that are true!
1. What advantages enabled
the Americans to win the
Revolutionary War?
A. Better leadership
B. A well-trained, well-equipped army
C. Knowledge of the land
D. Large numbers of Indian allies
E. Foreign aid
F. High motivation
Choose all that are true!
The Treaty of Paris
• The Treaty of Paris of 1783 was the peace
treaty that ended the Revolutionary War.
• It included six principal conditions.
The Treaty of Paris
• The United States
was an independent
nation.
• Its boundaries were
the Mississippi
River to the west,
Canada to the
north, and Spanish
Florida to the
south.
The Treaty of Paris
Britain would have to surrender its forts
between the Ohio River and the Great Lakes.
The Treaty of Paris
The United States would
receive the right to fish
in the Atlantic Ocean off
Canada’s coast.
The Treaty of Paris
• Each side would pay
its debts to the other.
• The British would
return any slaves they
had captured.
• Congress would tell
the states to return
property they had
seized from Loyalists.
The Treaty of Paris
• Neither country lived up to the treaty.
• Americans did not repay prewar debts to
British merchants or return Loyalist property.
• The British did not return slaves, and did not
give up forts in the Great Lakes area.
3. What were the conditions
of the Treaty of Paris?
A. The boundaries of the United States would be
the Mississippi River, Canada, and Spanish
Florida.
B. The United States would give up its rights to
fish off Canada's coast.
C. Each side promised to pay its debts.
D. Britain would return runaway slaves to Africa.
E. Congress would recommend that the states
return properties to Loyalists.
Choose all that are true!
3. What were the conditions
of the Treaty of Paris?
A. The boundaries of the United States would be
the Mississippi River, Canada, and Spanish
Florida.
B. The United States would give up its rights to
fish off Canada's coast.
C. Each side promised to pay its debts.
D. Britain would return runaway slaves to Africa.
E. Congress would recommend that the states
return properties to Loyalists.
Choose all that are true!
Costs of the War
• No one knows exactly how many people
died in the war, but eight years of fighting
took a terrible toll.
• The British had about 10,000 military deaths.
Costs of the War
• An estimated 25,700 Americans died in the war.
• About 1,400 were missing, and another
8,200 were wounded.
• Many of the wounded had permanent
disabilities, such as amputated limbs.
Costs of the War
• Many soldiers who
survived the war left
the army with no
money.
• They had received
little or no pay for
their service.
Costs of the War
• Instead of back pay,
the government gave
some soldiers
certificates for land in
the West.
• Many men sold that
land to get money for
food and other basic
needs.
Costs of the War
Both the Congress and the
individual states had borrowed
money to finance the conflict.
Costs of the War
• Some of the money had
been borrowed from
foreign countries, and
the rest from private
citizens.
• The war left the nation
with a debt of about $27
million.
Costs of the War
• Thousands of
Loyalists lost their
land and personal
property.
• Between 60,000 and
100,000 Loyalists
left the United
States, including
several thousand
African Americans
and Native
Americans.
Costs of the War
• Most Loyalists went to
Canada where they
created new towns and
new provinces.
• They also brought
English traditions to
areas that had originally
been settled by French
colonists.
What were the major
economic costs of the war?
A. Many soldiers without pay and facing
huge debt after the war
B. A national debt of $27 million in war
expenses
C. Money owed to repay Loyalists for
damages to their property
D. A $45 million owed to Britain as
payment for western land
E. Debts from borrowing money from
foreign countries and private citizens
Choose all that are true!
What were the major
economic costs of the war?
A. Many soldiers without pay and facing
huge debt after the war
B. A national debt of $27 million in war
expenses
C. Money owed to repay Loyalists for
damages to their property
D. A $45 million owed to Britain as
payment for western land
E. Debts from borrowing money from
foreign countries and private citizens
Choose all that are true!
5. How did the end of the war
affect Loyalists?
A. Thousands lost land and personal
property.
B. Most left North America and settled in
England.
C. Thousands left the United States.
D. They were banned from serving in the
new United States government.
E. Thousands sold their land to get money
for food and other basic needs.
Choose all that are true!
5. How did the end of the war
affect Loyalists?
A. Thousands lost land and personal
property.
B. Most left North America and settled in
England.
C. Thousands left the United States.
D. They were banned from serving in the
new United States government.
E. Thousands sold their land to get money
for food and other basic needs.
Choose all that are true!
Lesson 7.4b:
Issues After the
War
Today we will
examine several
issues facing the
United States after
independence was
won.
Vocabulary
• examine – look closely at
• issue – a point in question or a matter
that is in dispute
• republicanism – belief that government
should be based on the consent of the
people, who exercise their power by
voting for political representatives
What We Already Know
The colonies wanted independence from
Britain so they could have a government
that was more just.
What We Already Know
The self–evident
truths and
unalienable rights
expressed by
Thomas Jefferson
in the Declaration
of Independence
became the goals
of the American
Revolution.
What We Already Know
After defeating the mighty British military and
negotiating the Treaty of Paris in 1783,
American independence became a reality.
• The American Revolution was not just a war, but
a change in ideas about government.
• Before the war, Americans had demanded their
rights as English citizens.
• But after declaring their independence, they
replaced that goal with the idea of republicanism…
Republicanism
Republicanism
• Republicanism is the idea that instead of a
king, the people would rule.
• The government would obtain its authority
from the citizens, who exercise their power
by voting for political representatives.
Republicanism
For this system to work, individuals
would have to place the good of the
country above their own interests.
Republicanism
• At first, only
men who owned
land were
allowed to vote
or hold public
office.
• Women could
not vote at all.
Republicanism
• However, women could help the
nation by teaching their children the
virtues that benefited public life.
• Such virtues included honesty, duty,
and the willingness to make
sacrifices.
6. How did Americans’ goals for
government change after declaring
independence?
A. They wanted to set up an effective government with a strong executive branch.
B. They replaced the demand for rights as
English citizens with the idea of republicanism.
C. Most Americans wanted a government ban
on slavery.
D. Women demanded the right to vote.
E. Churches began to receive tax money in
some states.
6. How did Americans’ goals for
government change after declaring
independence?
A. They wanted to set up an effective government with a strong executive branch.
B. They replaced the demand for rights as
English citizens with the idea of republicanism.
C. Most Americans wanted a government ban
on slavery.
D. Women demanded the right to vote.
E. Churches began to receive tax money in
some states.
7. What does the idea of
republicanism mean?
A. Individuals should place the good of the
country above their own interests.
B. The people should rule, not a king.
C. Only people who have wealth or own
property should participate in government.
D. The government's powers should be
limited by a written constitution.
E. Citizens exercise their power by voting for
political representatives.
Choose all that are true!
7. What does the idea of
republicanism mean?
A. Individuals should place the good of the
country above their own interests.
B. The people should rule, not a king.
C. Only people who have wealth or own
property should participate in government.
D. The government's powers should be
limited by a written constitution.
E. Citizens exercise their power by voting for
political representatives.
Choose all that are true!
Religious Freedom
• As part of their liberty, Americans called for more
religious freedom.
• Before the war, some laws discriminated against
certain religions.
• Some states had not allowed Jews or Catholics to
hold public office.
Religious Freedom
• After the war, states began to abolish
those laws.
• They also ended the practice of using
tax money to support churches.
Slavery
• Many people began to see a conflict between
slavery and the ideal of liberty.
• Vermont outlawed slavery, and Pennsylvania
passed a law to free slaves gradually.
Slavery
• Individual African
Americans also tried to end
slavery.
• For example, Elizabeth
Freeman sued for her
freedom in a Massachusetts
court and won.
• Her victory in 1781 and
other similar cases ended
slavery in that state.
Slavery
• With freedom, African
Americans began to form
their own institutions.
• For example, the
preacher Richard Allen
helped start the
Free African Society.
• That society encouraged
African Americans to help
each other.
Allen also founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first
African-American church in the United States.
Influence on Other Countries
• The American Revolution also influenced
people in other countries.
• The Declaration of Independence was
widely circulated in France, and helped
inspire the French Revolution in 1789.
Influence on Other Countries
• Revolutionaries in Latin
America began to rise
up against colonial
powers in the late
1700s and early 1800s.
• By 1830, most of the
former European
colonies in Central and
South America had
won independence.
A New National Government
• Perhaps the main issue facing Americans
after the war was how to shape their national
government.
• American anger over British taxes, violation
of rights, and control of trade had caused the
war.
• Now the United States needed a government
that would protect citizens’ rights and
economic freedom.
8. How did the American Revolution and
the Declaration of Independence
influence other countries?
A. Canada also began to demand its
independence from Britain.
B. They inspired the French to overthrow
their monarchy.
C. Nations in Central and South America
fought to win their own independence.
D. Britain decided to give all its colonies
independence.
Choose all that are true!
8. How did the American Revolution and
the Declaration of Independence
influence other countries?
A. Canada also began to demand its
independence from Britain.
B. They inspired the French to overthrow
their monarchy.
C. Nations in Central and South America
fought to win their own independence.
D. Britain decided to give all its colonies
independence.
Choose all that are true!
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7.4 Graphic Organizer A
Advantage
Advantage
Advantage
Advantage
Better Leadership
Foreign Aid
Knowledge of
the Land
Motivation
- Washington learned
from his mistakes...
- He never gave up...
- Dragged out the war
until England had had
enough and quit...
Britain’s rivals;
France & Spain
helped the
Americans with
supplies, men &
ships...
Americans were
familiar with the
land when the war
broke out...
Americans had
more reason to
fight... LIBERTY &
FREEDOM!!
American Victory
.... YEAH! ....
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7.4 Graphic Organizer B
Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
• US is INDEPENDENT
• Boundaries:
North: Canada
South: Spanish Florida
West: Mississippi River
• Fishing rights off
Canada’s coast...
• Each side would pay
war debts to the other...
• Britain would return any
captured slaves...
• Congress would
recommend the return
of Loyalist properties
seized by the states...
Costs of the War
Americans
• 8 years of fighting
• 25,700 estimated killed
• 1400 missing
• 8200 wounded
• National Debt of $27 million
• Loyalists lost their property
British
• 10,000 estimated killed
• 60,000 to 100,000 Loyalists left
the US and went to Canada
Issues After the
War
• change in ideas about gov’t
• Republicanism: the people rule
and the gov’t gets it’s authority
from the people...
• American children taught the
virtues of honesty, duty, and
sacrifice...
• more religious freedom...
• slavery is outlawed in some states
(Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and New York)
• free enterprise (capitalism) began
to develop after the War...