Transcript The Western Frontier

The Western Frontier
1800-1880
Lewis and
Clark
 Lewis and Clark:Two Army Captains
were sent by Thomas Jefferson to
explore and map the Louisiana
Purchase
The
Trails
 The Santa Fe Trail took settlers to the
Mexican Cession.
 The Mormon Trail took Mormons to
Utah.
 The Oregon Trail took settles to Oregon
The California Gold Rush
 When gold was found
in California, farmers,
factory workers, exsoldiers, immigrants
and AfricanAmericans went to
make a fortune.
Called ’49ers.
The
Alamo
 Texas was a Mexican State that wanted
independence. American citizens fought
along side the Texans against the
Mexican General Santa Anna.
The Homestead Act
 An act passed by congress in 1862. It
promised ownership of a 160-acre tract
of public land to a person or family who
had resided on and farmed the land for
five years.
Native Americans
 After several wars the Native Americans
were defeated and the United States
began to settle their land.
Indian Removal Act
 Andrew Jackson urged Congress to
pass a law that moved all Native
American tribes west of the Mississippi.
Native Americans
 Reservations:
Native
American
tribes were
moved to
reservations
where they
could live.
Native Americans
 The Dawes Act:
 Split
up reservation land among the tribes
 Forced Native Americans to learn
American ways in boarding schools.
I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed.
Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is
dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young
men who say, "Yes" or "No." He who led the
young men [Olikut] is dead. It is cold, and we
have no blankets. The little children are
freezing to death. My people, some of them,
have run away to the hills, and have no
blankets, no food. No one knows where they
are -- perhaps freezing to death. I want to have
time to look for my children, and see how many
of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them
among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs! I am
tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the
sun now stands I will fight no more forever.
Chief Joseph’s surrender speech on October 5, 1877
Native Americans
 Tecumseh led the Shawnee in
Northwest Territory (Ohio
Valley) against American
settlers:
 Geronimo lead the
Apache Wagon Trains and
fought the U.S. Calvary.
 Sitting Bull lead the
Sioux
 Chief Joseph led the Nez Perce in
fighting the U.S. Calvary and not
moving to reservations.
People In the Frontier
 Homesteaders: People who moved
west to get the free land under the
Homestead Act.
People In the Frontier
 Exodusers: African American
Freedmen who left the south to look for
a better life.
 Mexicanos: Spanish speaking people
who already lived in the land that the
United States had captured in the
Mexican War.