Transcript PEARL HARBOR Oahu, Hawaii

PEARL HARBOR
Oahu, Hawaii
DEC. 7TH 1941
“A date which will live in infamy,”
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Outcome:
• SWBAT
• describe the events of Pearl Harbor and
how it led to the U.S. entering the war on
the Allied Power side.
Today:
• Finish Holocaust…..
• Power point/video (20 min)
• DI Drill (thinking map, letter/diary entry, analysis of
Holocaust…) (15 min)
• Transition (make connection to pearl harbor)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pearl Harbor:
Gallery walk (15 min)
Teacher led discussion/powerpoint
Videos (30 min)
DI activity (thinking map, letter/diary entry, analysis of
attack….) (15 min)
Exit ticket (5 min)
General Facts:
• The attack on Pearl Harbor occurred on December 7, 1941.
• The Japanese attacked the United States without warning.
• The attack lasted 110 minutes, from 7:55 a.m. until 9:45 a.m.
• A total of 2,335 U.S. servicemen were killed and 1,143 were wounded.
Sixty-eight civilians were also killed and 35 were wounded.
• The Japanese lost 65 men, with an additional soldier being captured.
• Pearl Harbor is on the south side of the Hawaiian island of Oahu and is
the home to a U.S. naval base.
• The attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into World War II
Why?
• The Western Countries led by the US had imposed meager sanctions on
Japan because of its invasion of China. This hampered the Japanese military
operations. Japan entered into diplomatic negotiations with US to break the
impasse. They used this time to launch an attack on Pearl Harbor.
•
Early warning radar was new technology. Japanese planes were spotted by
radar before the attack, but they were assumed to be a flight of American
B-17s due in from the West Coast
• The Japanese wanted to take out the US Pacific Fleet .
• The Japanese Navy was stronger in the Pacific in 1941 than the combination
of all other nations. The Japanese army and air force had four years of
combat experience and weapons development in warfare in China.
• The Japanese Navy had ten battleships and ten aircraft carriers. We had in
the Pacific eight battleships and three aircraft carriers, you get the idea.
After Pearl Harbor, we had zero battleships in service in the Pacific.
• The goal of Pearl Harbor was not to war with the US, but to discourage the
US from going to war with Japan.
Japan and the Attack on Pearl Harbor
• Plans for a surprise attack against the United States
were begun as early as January of 1941.
• Although it was Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
who initiated the plans for the attack against Pearl
Harbor, Commander Minoru Genda was the plan's
chief architect.
• The Japanese used the codename "Operation Hawaii"
for the attack on Pearl Harbor. This later changed to
"Operation Z."
• The Japanese specifically chose to attack on a Sunday
because they believed Americans would be more
relaxed and thus less alert on a weekend.
• The Japanese attack force stationed itself
approximately 230 miles north of the Hawaiian island
of Oahu.
• The Japanese launched their airplanes in two waves,
approximately 45 minutes apart.
• The first wave of Japanese planes struck Pearl
Harbor at 7:55 a.m. The second wave reached Pearl
Harbor around 8:40 a.m.
• When Japanese Commander Mitsuo Fuchida called
out, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!") upon
flying over Pearl Harbor, it was a message to the
entire Japanese navy telling them they had caught
the Americans totally by surprise
Facts About the Battleships
• The main target of the Japanese was to be the aircraft carriers;
however, since all three U.S. aircraft carriers were out to sea,
the Japanese focused on the battleships.
• There were eight battleships at Pearl Harbor that day, which
included all the battleships of the U.S. Pacific fleet except for
one (the Colorado).
• Seven of the U.S. battleships were lined up in "Battleship Row."
• During the attack, the Nevada left its berth in Battleship Row
and tried to make it to the harbor entrance. After being
repeatedly attacked on its way, the Nevada beached itself.
• The Arizona exploded when a bomb breached its forward
magazine (i.e. the ammunition room). Approximately
1,100 U.S. servicemen died on board.
• After being torpedoed, the Oklahoma listed so badly that
it turned upside down.
• To aid their airplanes, the Japanese sent in five midget
subs to help target the battleships. The Americans sunk
four of the midget subs and captured the fifth.
• All eight U.S. battleships were either sunk or damaged
during the attack. Amazingly, all but two (the Arizona
and the Oklahoma) were eventually able to return to
active duty.
Facts About the Airfields at Pearl
Harbor
• Many U.S. servicemen were either still in their
pajamas or eating breakfast in the mess halls when
the attack on Pearl Harbor began.
• U.S. servicemen identified the invading planes as
Japanese because of the "meatballs," what they called
the large, red circle (the Rising Sun) on the side of
Japanese planes.
• The Japanese hoped to destroy U.S. planes on the
ground in order to minimize any counter-attack
against them over Pearl Harbor or against the
Japanese attack force.
• The Japanese struck US Airfields
• Many of the U.S. airplanes were lined up
outside, along the airstrips, wingtip to wingtip,
in order to avoid sabotage. Unfortunately, that
made them easy targets for the Japanese
attackers.
• Unable to get more than a handful of planes in
the air, individual U.S. servicemen tried to shoot
down the Japanese planes from the ground.
After the Attack on Pearl Harbor
Ended
• When the Japanese left Pearl Harbor at 9:45 a.m., the
Americans didn't realize the attack was actually over. They
expected another wave to hit.
• The day following the attack on Pearl Harbor, U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that December 7, 1941
would be "a date that will live in infamy."
• The United States declared war on Japan on December 8,
1941, the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• "Remember Pearl Harbor!" became a rallying cry for the
U.S. during World War II
Interesting facts:
• 1. Twenty-three sets of brothers died
aboard the USS Arizona.
2. The USS Arizona’s entire band was lost
in the attack
• Almost half of the casualties at Pearl Harbor occurred on the naval battleship USS
Arizona, which was hit four times by Japanese bombers and eventually sank.
•
Among the 1,177 crewmen killed were all 21 members of the Arizona’s band,
known as U.S. Navy Band Unit (NBU) 22. Most of its members were up on deck
preparing to play music for the daily flag raising ceremony when the attack
began. They instantly moved to man their battle positions beneath the ship’s gun
turret.
• At no other time in American history has an entire military band died in action.
• The night before the attack, NBU 22 had attended the latest round of the annual
“Battle of Music” competition between military bands from U.S. ships based at
Pearl Harbor.
• Contrary to some reports, NBU 22 did not perform, having already qualified for
the finals set to be held on December 20, 1941. Following the assault, the unit
was unanimously declared the winner of that year’s contest, and the award was
permanently renamed the USS Arizona Band Trophy.
Members of U.S. Navy Band Unit
(NBU) 22, all of whom were killed
in action aboard the USS Arizona
during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
3. Fuel continues to leak from the USS
Arizona’s wreckage.
• On December 6, 1941, the USS Arizona took on a full load of fuel—nearly 1.5 million gallons—
in preparation for its scheduled trip to the mainland later that month.
•
The next day, much of it fed the explosion and subsequent fires that destroyed the ship
following its attack by Japanese bombers.
•
However, despite the raging fire and ravages of time, some 500,000 gallons are still slowly
seeping out of the ship’s submerged wreckage: Nearly 70 years after its demise, the USS
Arizona continues to spill up to 9 quarts of oil into the harbor each day.
• In the mid-1990s, environmental concerns led the National Park Service to commission a
series of site studies to determine the long-term effects of the oil leakage.
• Some scientists have warned of a possible “catastrophic” eruption of oil from the wreckage,
which they believe would cause extensive damage to the Hawaiian shoreline and disrupt U.S.
naval functions in the area.
•
The NPS and other governmental agencies continue to monitor the deterioration of the wreck
site but are reluctant to perform extensive repairs or modifications due to the Arizona’s role as
a “war grave.”
• In fact, the oil that often coats the surface of the water surrounding the ship has added an
emotional gravity for many who visit the memorial and is sometimes referred to as the “tears
of the Arizona,” or “black tears.”
4. Some former crewmembers have chosen
the USS Arizona as their final resting place.
• The bonds between the crewmembers of the USS Arizona have lasted far
beyond the ship’s loss on December 7, 1941.
• Since 1982, the U.S. Navy has allowed survivors of the USS Arizona to be
interred in the ship’s wreckage upon their deaths.
• Following a full military funeral at the Arizona memorial, the cremated
remains are placed in an urn and then deposited by divers beneath one of
the Arizona’s gun turrets.
• To date, more than 30 Arizona crewmen who survived Pearl Harbor have
chosen the ship as their final resting place.
• Crewmembers who served on the ship prior to the attack may have their
ashes scattered above the wreck site, and those who served on other
vessels stationed at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, may have their
ashes scattered above their former ships.
• As of November 2011, only 18 of the 355 crewmen who survived the
bombing of the USS Arizona are known to be alive.
Gallery Walk:
• Aloha! Welcome to Pearl Harbor on Oahu Hawaii.
• Experience Hawaii's popular WWII memorials and museums with a
visit to the USS Arizona Memorial!
• Around the room you will find photos directly from Pearl Harbor
Hawaii brought for you by Mrs. Davis
• When making your way around the room you will create a circle
map
• Record what you see in as much detail as possible
• Mahalo!
Videos:
Promts for contextualization :
• I already know that ______________is
happening at this time
• From this video I would guess that people
at this time were feeling
• This video might not give me the whole
picture because…
Pictures before the attack :
Pictures after the attack:
The Arizona Memorial
My Pics:
Option 1:
• Was the US Surprised when the Japanese
attacked Pearl Harbor? How can you tell?
• How did the Japanese blow up the US
Ships?
• Was the US able to fight back well against
the Japanese? How can you tell?
Option 2:
• Write a poem or draw a picture that
captures the shock, trauma, and anger felt
by the American People after the bombing
• How did this lead the US to enter a
dangerous world war on 2 fronts without
any guarantee of victory?
Option 3:
• imagine what it was like when the military base
at Pearl Harbor was surprised by the Japanese
attack.
• write a newsmagazine story about Pearl Harbor
•
as though you were living at the time. Write a
general article about the attack or one from the
perspective of military or medical personnel.
You could also write an article from a Japanese
perspective
EXIT TICKET!