Transcript Nationalism to Sectionalism - Olean City School District

The Age of Andrew Jackson
Nationalism to Sectionalism
1823 - 1860
Nationalism v. Sectionalism
NATIONALISM


Devotion to one’s country
People are willing to put interests of the nation
before their own
vs.
SECTIONALISM


Loyalty to a region or area
Primary concern is for what helps “me” the most
Jacksonian Democracy
1820’s Expansion of Democracy


States dropped property qualifications to vote →
Universal adult white male suffrage
Rotation in office gave more people the opportunity
to serve in government

Spoils system




“To the victor belongs the spoils”
Appointments were made on basis of political loyalties (not
always on merit or ability)
National Nominating Convention replaced caucus
as method to choose political party candidates
Return of the 2-party system
Increased
“A White Man’s Democracy”



Slavery existed
Women had no political or legal rights
Native Americans lost rights and land
Election of 1824


All candidates were Republicans
Only real issue in the campaign was
the character of the candidates
The Results – no majority in Electoral
College!
Andrew
Jackson
Tennessee
99 electoral votes
(43% of popular vote)
John Quincy Massachusetts
Adams
84 electoral votes
William
Crawford
Georgia
41 electoral votes
Henry Clay
Kentucky
(31% of popular vote)
(13% of popular vote)
37 electoral votes
(13% of popular vote)
Election to be decided by House of
Representatives
Andrew
Jackson
John Quincy
Adams
William
Crawford
Henry Clay eliminated
Tennessee
99 electoral votes
Massachusetts
84 electoral votes
Georgia
41 electoral votes
Kentucky
37 electoral votes
“The Corrupt Bargain”


Deal between JQ Adams and Clay
Clay would encourage “his states” to vote
for Adams when the House of
Representatives voted, if Adams would
appoint Clay to be Secretary of State
Jackson supporters were outraged


Jackson had received the greatest number
of popular votes and the greatest number
of electoral votes, but Adams was chosen
to be President
Jackson supporters felt they had been
“robbed”; vowed to get Jackson elected
the next time
Election of 1828



Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy Adams
 Only issue – personalities
Jackson won after a campaign filled
with mud-slinging and name calling
“Revolution of 1828”

3 times the number of voters than in previous
election
“All Creation Going to the White House”
Why was Andrew Jackson so
popular?... “The People’s President”




Frontiersman – not from
Virginia or Massachusetts
Common man could
identify with him –
believed they had elected
“one of their own”;
lacked a formal education
War hero – Battle of New
Orleans
Indian fighter – fought
the Creek in Tennessee
and the Seminoles in
Florida
Jackson’s Cabinet

Official Cabinet


Political new-comers; not much help to
Jackson
Kitchen Cabinet

Jackson’s friends who met with him in the
Kitchen of the White House; gave him honest,
straight-forward advice
Issues in the Jackson
Administration
 Nullification
 The
and the Tariff
Bank of the United States
 Removal
of the Indians
The Tariff and Nullification


Opinions
 North – supported to protect developing
industries and jobs
 South – opposed because it raised prices
and few industries were located in the
South
 West – sided with North; success tied to
success of the North
Tariff of Abominations

1828 High protective tariff – lowered in 1832
but not enough to please some (South).
Nullification

Define: the act of canceling a law (usually
a state canceling a national law)

South Carolina Exposition and Protest –
written by J.C. Calhoun

Expressed the states’ rights philosophy that if the
states created the union the states had the right to
decide whether or not to accept laws passed by
the national government

South Carolina declared the tariff “null &
void” in the state and warned they would
secede from the Union if the national gov’t
attempted to collect the tariff.
FORCE BILL
 Congress authorized President Jackson to
collect the tariff by using military force
Compromise Tariff of 1833





Arranged by Henry Clay (The “Great Compromiser”)
Gradually lowered the tariff over 10 year
period
Accepted by all sides
(But just to prove the point, South
Carolina nullified the Force Bill)
Andrew Jackson ignored SC action
The Bank of the United States

Opinions



North – generally supported the BUS –
provided money for industrialization
South – generally opposed the BUS – symbol
of the wealthy & powerful central
government; preferred local, state banks
West – generally opposed the BUS – didn’t
favor farmers
The Bank of the United States

Why was it “the Monster”?


Powerful institution used by the wealthy and
the industries to make a profit
Jackson hated the BUS and vowed to veto the
re-charter when it came up in 1836

Why was the Bank charter rescheduled for 1832
(when it was originally scheduled for 1836)?
 To make it an election year issue for Andrew
Jackson and force Jackson to take a stand;
that was the only hope Clay had to defeat
Jackson
 Veto – lose support of North
 Not Veto – lose support of South & West
What action concerning the Bank did President
Jackson take?
He vetoed the re-charter

What was the result of the Election of
1832?




Jackson won by a wide margin
Saw that as a sign from the people that they
approved of his veto and he took steps to “kill
the Bank”
Jackson ordered the Secretary of the Treasury
to remove gov’t deposits from the BUS
“Pet Banks”


Were specially selected state banks that
would hold the gov’t money
More sympathetic to farmers
Indian Removal
Indian Removal Policy


1830 – Congress passed the Indian
Removal Act – forced resettlement to the
west of the Mississippi River
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia – 1831

Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were
not a foreign nation and had no right to sue
in federal court
Worcester v. Georgia – 1832




Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law had no
authority on Cherokee land
Native Americans were not a state matter
Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s order
“John Marshall made his decision, now let him
enforce it”

Cherokee won the case but ended up losing the
land and were force westward along what is
known as the “Trail of Tears”
The Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears
By Robert Lindneux,1942
“King Andrew the First”