Transcript chapter 12 - Crestwood Local Schools

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CHAPTER 12
Economics in History
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The year is 1828. You will vote for president for the first
time. Important economic, social, and political issues
face the country. The favored candidate is Andrew
Jackson, a military hero. Before you vote, you should
decide what qualities make a strong leader.
What qualities do you think make a strong leader?
• Which earlier presidents would you
consider strong leaders and which not?
• Would qualities that make a military
leader also make a good president?
Why or why not?
1824 John Quincy Adams is elected president.
1828 Tariff of Abominations signed into law.
Andrew Jackson is elected president.
1830 Indian Removal Act is passed.
1832 Jackson vetoes charter of Bank of the
United States. South Carolina nullifies
tariffs. Jackson is reelected.
1836 Martin Van Buren is elected president.
To World
1838 Cherokees begin to travel the
Trail of Tears.
1840 William Henry Harrison is elected
president.
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1824 Simón Bolívar becomes president
of Peru.
1830 Revolutions occur in Belgium, France,
and Poland.
1832 Reform Act increases number of voters
in Britain.
1837 Victoria becomes queen of
Great Britain.
1838 Zulu clash with Boer settlers in
South Africa.
Back to U.S.
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Main Idea
Andrew Jackson’s election to the
presidency in 1828 brought a new era of
popular democracy.
Why It Matters Now
Jackson’s use of presidential powers laid the
foundation of the modern presidency.
What are important facts to know about
Andrew Jackson’s life?
LIFE OF ANDREW JACKSON
Youthful Life
frontier farm, prisoner in Revolutionary
War, wild and reckless
Road to Congress
lawyer in Tennessee, bought and sold
land, elected to Congress
War Hero
defeated British in Battle of New Orleans
Appeal to voters
humble background, military hero,
defender of common people
• How did Andrew Jackson react to the
election of 1824? Why?
• What factors helped Jackson win the
presidency in 1828?
• What was the effect of expanding
voting rights?
Analyzing Points of View
What are reasons for and against the
spoils system?
Think About
• the effects of giving government workers
lifetime jobs
• the effects of rewarding political supporters
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Main Idea
During Jackson’s presidency, Native
Americans were forced to move west
of the Mississippi River.
Why It Matters Now
The forced removal forever changed the lives
of Native Americans in the United States.
Map
What were the reasons for Jackson’s
Native American removal policy?
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REASONS NATIVE AMERICANS WERE FORCED WEST
Economic
Political
Social
white settlers and
miners wanted
their land
Native Americans
could not
legally maintain
independent
governments within
the United States
many whites
considered them
uncivilized
• How did President Jackson justify the Indian
Removal Act?
• In what ways did Native Americans resist the
Indian Removal Act?
• What were the consequences of the Indian
Removal Act?
Recognizing Effects
What were some economic effects of the
Indian Removal Act on Native
Americans? On whites?
Think About
• what the Native Americans lost
• what the white settlers gained
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Main Idea
Jackson struggled to keep Southern states from
breaking away from the Union over the issue
of tariffs.
Why It Matters Now
Disputes about states’ rights and federal power
remain important in national politics.
How did the Northeast, the West, and the South stand on the
issues of the sale of public lands, internal improvements, and
high tariffs?
Northeast
West
South
Sale of
public lands
for
against
no discussion
in text
Internal
improvements
for
for
against
High tariffs
for
no discussion
in text
against
• Why did the South oppose high tariffs?
• What were Calhoun’s reasons for proposing
the doctrine of nullification?
• Why did South Carolina threaten secession,
and how was the crisis resolved?
Recognizing Effects
In what ways would the doctrine of
nullification have made it difficult for
the federal government to operate?
Think About
• its effect on the enforcement of laws
• its effect on the power of the federal government
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Main Idea
Jackson’s policies caused the economy to
collapse after he left office and affected the
next election.
Why It Matters Now
The condition of the economy continues to
affect the outcomes of presidential elections.
What events led to the closing of the Second Bank
of the United States?
Event 1: Biddle
asks Congress to
renew charter in
1832
Event 2: Congress
renews charter
Event 4: Jackson
reelected
Event 5: Jackson
deposits federal
funds in pet banks
Event 3: Jackson
vetoes charter
Bank Closes
• Why did Jackson declare war on the Second
Bank of the United States?
• How did Jackson kill the bank?
• What role did Jackson’s popularity play
in the elections of 1836 and 1840?
Comparing
What strategy did the Whig Party use in
the 1840 election?
Think About
• how Harrison was portrayed
• what group of voters it was trying to attract
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 How was Jackson different from earlier presidents?
2 How did Jackson appeal to voters in his election
campaign of 1828?
3 Why did white settlers want Native American land?
4 What was Jackson’s position on Native
Americans in the United States?
5 How did the Indian Removal Act
affect Native Americans?
6 How did the issue of tariffs divide the country?
7 Why did nullification threaten the nation?
8 How was the nullification crisis resolved?
9 Why did Jackson oppose the Second Bank
of the United States?
10 What were the effects of Jackson’s war on the bank?
Changes During Jackson’s Presidency
Political
• Democratic and
Whig parties formed
• common people
given voice in
government
• spoils system
created
• Union strengthened
Economic
• higher tariffs
enacted
• national bank
closed
• inflation grew
Social
• common people
had more
importance
• Native Americans
removed to the
West
• whites settled on
former Native
American lands
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