Transcript Fighting for Independence (pages 117–119)

Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
A. The Continental Army faced disadvantages
against the British Army in size, funding,
discipline, and experience. However, they
did have some advantages, including fighting
on home ground, unconventional fighting
tactics, and an overextended British army.
B. In the Northern Campaign, General Howe
quickly seized New York City before heading
to Philadelphia. Washington countered with
a surprise attack before both sides camped
for the winter.
Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
• In 1777 British General Howe’s troops defeated
Washington (12) at the Battle of Brandywine
Creek and captured Philadelphia. However, the
Continental Congress, which he had hoped to
capture, had escaped. Howe had failed to
destroy the Continental Army.
• General Burgoyne surrendered at Saratoga
(13), and over 5,000 British troops were taken
prisoner. The American victory was a turning
point because it improved American morale and
convinced France(13) to send troops to the
American cause.
British Surrender at Saratoga
by John Trumbull
Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
• In February 1778 Americans signed two treaties
with France. As a result of the treaties, France
became the first country to recognize the United
States as an independent nation, and the United
States and France formed an alliance.
• After losing in Saratoga, the British changed
their strategy. They attacked in the South where
they hoped to find more Loyalist support.
Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
• The British at first dominated in the South. In
1778 they captured Savannah, Georgia, and
General Charles Cornwallis forced the surrender
of 5,500 American troops in Charles Town,
South Carolina, in 1780.
• Americans had already won in the West and
turned the tides on the British in the South by
late 1780.
• In Yorktown (14), Virginia, in the fall of 1781,
General Cornwallis became trapped by
Washington’s land forces and the French navy.
On October 18, 1781, Cornwallis surrendered.
Surrender of Cornwallis
by C. Brumidi
Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
• After learning of the surrender, Parliament
voted to end the war. The Treaty of
Paris(15) was signed on September 3,
1783. In the treaty, the British recognized
the United States as a new nation with the
Mississippi River as its western border.
Britain kept Canada but gave Florida back
to Spain in a separate treaty. The French
received back their former colonies in
Africa and the Caribbean.
Map of US after
Treaty of Paris, 1763
Notebook Check
Notes
• 1.1 Notes/chart (p.99-101)
• 13 Colonies Chart
• Analysis of Colonies Chart
(on back or separate sheet)
• Notes p.106-108
• 1.2 Study Guide
• 1.3 Study Guide
Journals
• Journal 1- Native Americans
• Journal 2- Colony
preference
• 9-11 Responses
Activities
• Map of US
• Timeline of Events 19802014
• Map/Timeline- Proc. Of
1763
• Enrichment 1- Revolution
Poem
• Linking Past to Present(Taxation)
• Dec. of Independence
Analysis
Video Guides
• Revolution: Declaring Ind.
Fighting for Independence
(pages 117–119)
• What were the boundaries of the United
States after the Treaty of Paris was
signed?
• The United States was bordered by
Canada on the north, Florida on the south,
and the Mississippi River on the west.