Background Information on the Eve of the Civil

Download Report

Transcript Background Information on the Eve of the Civil

Background Information on the Eve
of the Civil War
THE NORTH V. THE SOUTH
Format
 Information about
the North will be in
the left column
 Information about
the South will be in
the right column
Other Names
 Union, United States
of America, Federals,
USA
 Confederacy,
Confederate States of
America, CSA
Flags
 Stars and Stripes
 Stars and Bars,
and a separate
battle flag
Number of States
 23 states (not counting
CA or OR)
 11 states
Population
 22,000,000
 Between 10-
12,000,000
(3,500,000-4,000,000
of which were slaves)
Industrial Development
 92% of the Nation’s
industries were in the
North
 Very little industrial
development; mostly
an agrarian (farming)
economy
Railroad Mileage
 75% of the nation’s
railroad miles were in
the North
 Many fewer miles of
railroads in the South
(25%)
 The map on the next
slide shows American
railroads in 1851
Financial Resources
 Had 75% of the
nation’s wealth in
banking,
manufacturing and
shipping industries
 Most of the wealth
was in land and slaves
Leadership
 Abraham Lincoln
 Experience as a lawyer,
limited experience in
Congress, and virtually
no military experience
 Jefferson Davis
 Senator from
Mississippi and
Secretary of War
 Military experience in
the Mexican War
Jefferson Davis
Generals
 West Point Military
Academy graduates
 Few Union Generals were
effective in leading Union
Armies until Ulysses S.
Grant’s rise in 1862-1864
 Perhaps the South’s
greatest advantage
 Brilliant, bold
military leaders from
Virginia Military
Institute (VMI), West
Point and other
academies
Northern Fighting Strategies




Bring the South back to the Union ASAP
Never recognize the South’s independence
Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)
Defeat Rebel Armies, split the South in two and capture the
capital (Richmond, VA)
Southern Fighting Strategies
 Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the
will to fight
 Stress how secession is a parallel with the 13 colonies
pulling out of the British Empire in 1776
 Capture Washington, D.C.
Capital Cities
 Washington, D.C.
 Richmond, Virginia
Naval Power
 Large navy which
grew even larger as
the war progressed
 Virtually no navy at
the start of the war
Cause for Fighting
 To preserve the
 To gain independence
Union (at first)
 Later the
emancipation of
slaves became a cause
 To save “The
Southern Way of Life”
which included
slavery
 States rights
Slang Names for Troops
 Federals, Yanks, Billy
Yanks, Yankees,
Blues, Bluebellies
 Rebels, Rebs,
Confederates,
Graybacks,
Butternuts, Johnnies,
Johnny Rebs
Northern Miscellany
 Battles were fought away from home
 Less skilled in the military arts
 Thousands of immigrants were fighting for no purpose
that made sense to them
 Farm Acreage: 65%; dominant crops- wheat and corn
 Divided politically into at least four groups (included
anti-war groups)
Southern Miscellany
 Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
 Fought on their own land, which they
therefore knew better than their opponents
 Military tradition: nearly every male citizen
skilled at riding horses and using rifles
 Violence was a traditional aspect of
Southern Society
Mrs. Atkins Miscellany