Background Information on the Eve of the Civil
Download
Report
Transcript Background Information on the Eve of the Civil
Background Information on the Eve
of the Civil War
THE NORTH V. THE SOUTH
Format
Information about
the North will be in
the left column
Information about
the South will be in
the right column
Other Names
Union, United States
of America, Federals,
USA
Confederacy,
Confederate States of
America, CSA
Flags
Stars and Stripes
Stars and Bars,
and a separate
battle flag
Number of States
23 states (not counting
CA or OR)
11 states
Population
22,000,000
Between 10-
12,000,000
(3,500,000-4,000,000
of which were slaves)
Industrial Development
92% of the Nation’s
industries were in the
North
Very little industrial
development; mostly
an agrarian (farming)
economy
Railroad Mileage
75% of the nation’s
railroad miles were in
the North
Many fewer miles of
railroads in the South
(25%)
The map on the next
slide shows American
railroads in 1851
Financial Resources
Had 75% of the
nation’s wealth in
banking,
manufacturing and
shipping industries
Most of the wealth
was in land and slaves
Leadership
Abraham Lincoln
Experience as a lawyer,
limited experience in
Congress, and virtually
no military experience
Jefferson Davis
Senator from
Mississippi and
Secretary of War
Military experience in
the Mexican War
Jefferson Davis
Generals
West Point Military
Academy graduates
Few Union Generals were
effective in leading Union
Armies until Ulysses S.
Grant’s rise in 1862-1864
Perhaps the South’s
greatest advantage
Brilliant, bold
military leaders from
Virginia Military
Institute (VMI), West
Point and other
academies
Northern Fighting Strategies
Bring the South back to the Union ASAP
Never recognize the South’s independence
Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)
Defeat Rebel Armies, split the South in two and capture the
capital (Richmond, VA)
Southern Fighting Strategies
Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the
will to fight
Stress how secession is a parallel with the 13 colonies
pulling out of the British Empire in 1776
Capture Washington, D.C.
Capital Cities
Washington, D.C.
Richmond, Virginia
Naval Power
Large navy which
grew even larger as
the war progressed
Virtually no navy at
the start of the war
Cause for Fighting
To preserve the
To gain independence
Union (at first)
Later the
emancipation of
slaves became a cause
To save “The
Southern Way of Life”
which included
slavery
States rights
Slang Names for Troops
Federals, Yanks, Billy
Yanks, Yankees,
Blues, Bluebellies
Rebels, Rebs,
Confederates,
Graybacks,
Butternuts, Johnnies,
Johnny Rebs
Northern Miscellany
Battles were fought away from home
Less skilled in the military arts
Thousands of immigrants were fighting for no purpose
that made sense to them
Farm Acreage: 65%; dominant crops- wheat and corn
Divided politically into at least four groups (included
anti-war groups)
Southern Miscellany
Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
Fought on their own land, which they
therefore knew better than their opponents
Military tradition: nearly every male citizen
skilled at riding horses and using rifles
Violence was a traditional aspect of
Southern Society
Mrs. Atkins Miscellany