Transcript Unit 3 powerpoint chapters 11 through 13

Skeletal System
The Skeletal System
 Functions
of the Skeletal System
–Provide support
–Protect internal organs
–Allows your body to move
–Stores and produced materials
that your body needs
 You
have 206 bones in your body
– Babies have more WHY?
Compact Bone
Compact bone makes up the
outer layer of all bones. Although
it looks dense and solid, It is full
of holes for nerves and blood vessels.
Outer Membrane
An outer membrane
covers most of a long
bone. The inner portion
of a membrane contains
cells that build up and
breakdown bone.
Central Cavity
Central cavities in long bones
usually contain yellow bone marrow (fat).
Spongy Bone
Spongy bone contains flat
and needlelike structures
that resist stress. Red
bone marrow may fill the
open spaces in some
bones.
Vocabulary

Complete vocabulary on Page 2
Example
Joint
A point in which to
bone come together
to allowed
movement
Ball and socket
located at
the hip
5 types of JOINTS in your body

Immovable Joint
– Allows NO MOVEMENT

Hinge Joint
– Allows for BENDING
AND STRAIGHTENING

Ball and Socket Joint
– Allows movement in a
ALL DIRECTIONS

Pivot Joint
– Allows movement
SIDE TO SIDE

Gliding Joint
– Allows movement in
many directions

Possible activities
– Bones relay
– Egg and vinegar
– Q-tip skeleton

TEST TOMORROW
– Page 1 thru 3 in packet
» NO NOTES
Muscular System
What connects our bones an
muscles together???

Ligaments = Connects BONE to BONE

Tendon = Connects MUSCLE to BONE

Cartilage = PROTECTS the ends of the
bones and allows them to move
Types of muscles
Smooth Muscle = Involuntary muscles
that you DO NOT have direct control
over
 Cardiac Muscle = Involuntary muscle
only found in the HEART
 Skeletal Muscle = Voluntary muscles
that you CAN control to do activity

The Muscular
System
Hamstrings
How muscles work
All muscles do work by contracting, or
becoming shorter and thicker.
 Many skeletal muscles work in pairs.

– One muscle in the pair contracts to move
the bone in one direction.
– Then, the other muscle in the pair
contracts to move the bone back
Muscle Pairs
Bicep contracts
Tricep relaxes
Bicep relaxes
Tricep contracts
Activity on page
273 teachers
addition
Nervous System
What is the Nervous System?
• Your
nervous system receives
information about what is going on inside
and outside of your body.
• Then it processes the information and
forms a response to it.
• The
basic unit of the nervous system is
a type of cell called a neuron
The MASTER ORGAN
1
2
3
Brain
2. Spinal Cord
3. Peripheral
Nerves
1.
Nervous System
Is Divided into
Central Nervous System
Includes
Brain
Spinal Cord
Three Regions
Cerebrum
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Peripheral Nervous System
Two Divisions
Sensory
Motor
Two Groups
Autonomic
Somatic
Regulates breathing
Signals Skeletal
muscles
Activities
Muscle relay
 Mix messages (page 281)
 Find the letter
 Read this paragraph
 Ring a Bell (page 279 Teacher edition)
 The Concussion Crisis article

Mixed Messages
Page 281
Quiz Tomorrow

Muscular system and Nervous system
– Be able to label muscles
– Know the functions and parts of nervous
system
– NO NOTES
Cardiovascular
System
Blood is blue in color when is
it NOT carrying oxygen.

MYTH

FACT – Blood is bright red when it is
carrying oxygen and dark red when it is
not.
– Veins appear blue because of the way
light reflects from skin.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-fVDGu82FeQ
Functions of the Cardiovascular System

Delivering materials
– Your heart continually pups blood in your blood
vessels throughout your body
Example – blood picks up glucose from your digestive
system and brings it to cells that need energy

Removing wastes
– It transports waste from your cells
Example - transports carbon dioxide to the lungs to
be exhaled

Fighting Disease
– blood contains cells that fight disease and seal cuts
The 3 main parts of The
Cardiovascular System
The Heart
The Blood Vessels
Blood
Blood Flow through the Heart
Lungs
The right side
The left side of
of the system
the system
deals with
deals with
deoxygenated
oxygenated
blood.
blood.
BodyCells
cells
Body
Page 293
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Your Heart Beat

The action of the heart has two main phases.
– In the first phase, the heart relaxes and the atria
fill with blood.
– In the second phase, the heart contracts and
pumps blood.
The rate at which your heart muscles
contract is regulated by the pacemaker, a
small group of cells in the wall of the right
atrium.
 Average heart rate varies from one person
to the next and from one situation to the
next.

Taking your Pulse
Blood Vessels
Your heart pumps blood through an extensive
network of blood vessels.
 The three main types of blood vessels in your
body are

– Arteries
– Capillaries
– Veins
Complete page 11 using
your book
Arteries
 Blood
vessels that carry blood away
from the heart
 Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood
 The largest artery in the body is the
aorta
 Arteries have thick walls that are both
strong and flexible.
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Capillaries
Branching from the smallest arteries are
capillaries, the smallest blood vessels
in your body.
 As blood flows through the capillaries,
oxygen and dissolved nutrients diffuse
through the capillary walls and into your
body’s cells.

Veins
From the capillaries, blood flows into
small blood vessels that join together to
form veins.
 Veins are large, thin-walled blood
vessels that carry blood to the heart.

Blood vessels
Capillary
Vein
Capillary
Cross Section
Single Layer of cells
Layer of cells
Smooth muscle
Connective tissue
Blood
The
average adult has
about 4 to 6 quarts of blood
circulating through his or her
blood vessels.
 The four components of
blood are
– Plasma
– White Blood Cells
– Red Blood Cells
– Platelets
Plasma
The liquid component of the blood is called
plasma
 This straw-colored liquid makes up about 55
percent of the blood.
 Plasma is mostly water, with substances such as
nutrients, hormones, and salts dissolved in it.

Red Blood Cells

The cells that carry oxygen from the
lungs to all the parts of your body are
red blood cells.
– Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which
is an iron-containing substance to which
oxygen binds
White Blood Cells

White blood cells help protect you
against diseases and foreign
substances
– Some white blood cells make chemicals
that help your body resist diseases such as
cancer.
– Others destroy invading microorganisms
by surrounding and consuming them.
Platelets
are cell fragments that play an important
role in the blood clotting process
 When you get a cut, platelets stick to
the edges of the cut and release
proteins called clotting factors.

Respiratory
System
The Respiratory System
is responsible for bringing oxygen from
the outside environment into the body
 It also removes carbon dioxide from the
body

This is the
Respiratory System
7.
Label the parts
of the
Respiratory
System and
its purpose
Page 307
The pathway of Air

Using page 306 in the book complete the
top of page 13 in the packet
What it looks like
Blood rich in carbon dioxide
Blood rich
in oxygen
Capillary
How Gas is Exchanged
 At
the end of the smallest tubes in
the lungs are millions of tiny sacs
that look like bunches of grapes
 These
sacs, called alveoli are
where gases are exchanged
between the air and the blood.
The Breathing Process

Inhalation
– The volume in the lung increase and the air
flows in
– Function
» Rib cage moves up and out
» The Diaphragm contracts and flattens

Exhalation
– The volume of the lungs decreases, and the
air is pulled out
– Functions
» The rib cage returns to its original position
» The Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
Quiz Tomorrow

Cardiovascular system and Respiratory
system
– Be able to label the respiratory system
– Know information from your packet about
the cardiovascular and respiratory system
– NO NOTES