Transcript systems

Structures & Function
of Living Organisms
BODY SYSTEMS
5.L.1.2 Compare the major systems
of the human body (digestive,
respiratory, circulatory, muscular,
skeletal, and cardiovascular) in terms
of their functions necessary for life
Essential Questions
How do the major systems of the
human body depend on each other
to perform life functions?
What are the functions of each of the
major systems in the human body?
We previously learned about cells.
Cells are the building blocks of all living things.
We also learned that we are multicellular organisms.
Now, we will be learning about these specialized cells organized into groups.
one brain cell
many brain cells
brain tissue = group with a purpose
organ
system = group of organs
How many bones do you
think are in your body?
GROUP ACTIVITY
Divide into 4 groups.
Groups 1 & 2:
Count the bones found in the arm and hand. Record your data.
Count the bones found in the skull. Record your data.
Compare data with other group.
Discuss discrepancies.
Groups 3 & 4:
Count the bones found in the leg and foot. Record your data.
Count the bones found in the torso. Record your data.
Compare data with other group.
Discuss discrepancies.
CLASS DATA TABLE
Skeletal
Sections
Arm
Group Totals
Leg
Torso
Skull
Grand Total
Average
How would you describe our bones?
Why do we need our bones?
Bones
Bones are alive and are made of a mix of
hard materials and living cells. The hard
part of the bone is made mostly of calcium
and phosphorous. These minerals give bones
their strength. Inside bones is a soft tissue
known as marrow. Cartilage is a flexible
tissue that covers the ends of some bones.
It helps to protect bones from grinding
against one another. The inside of a bone
does not add strength to the bone, but it
does make new blood cells and produces
germ-fighting white blood cells.
Bone Structure
The bones in the skeleton are not all solid. The
outside cortical bone is solid bone with only a
few small canals. The insides of the bone
contain trabecular bone which is like
scaffolding or a honey-comb. The spaces
between the bone are filled with fluid bone
marrow cells, which make the blood, and some
fat cells.
You can see the difference yourself at the
grocery store meat department. Here is a
photograph of a T-bone steak.
Why are bones hollow?
If all the bones were solid, think how heavy
they would be.
It would be hard to run!
Functions of the Skeletal System
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Provides shape and form
Support the body
Protects vital internal organs
Allows bodily movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals (calcium)
Explore - Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Skeletal System Chant
Cranium, Mandible
Clavicle, Sternum
(pat shoulderblade for one beat of rest) Scapula
Humerus “ha ha”
Radius, Ulna
Carpals, Metacarpals, & wave your Phalanges!
We have ribs, we eat them too!
Elvis shakes his Pelvis, oh yeah, wahoo!
Femur is the longest.
Patella is the knee.
Tibia and Fibula hold us easily.
 Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges in your shoe.
 Vertebrae to Coccyx, whew, we’re finally through!
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Written by Susan Nazario
Identify Parts of the Skeleton
Identify Parts of the Skeleton
Human Brain
The brain is the master control center
of the body.
 Brains are 85% water.
 The brain has two hemispheres.
 The left hemisphere controls our
logical, step-by-step thinking.
 The right hemisphere generally
controls our creativity.
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Whole Brain Thinking
Complete the following in your notebook. You will need the left side of
your brain to answer 1-3 and the right side of your brain to answer 4-7.
Human Brain
Human Brain
frontal lobe – problem-solving,
emotion, language
 parietal lobe – smell, taste, stores info
 occipital lobe – visual information
 temporal lobe – language, memory,
hearing
 prefrontal cortex – concentration
 cerebellum – balance and coordination
 brainstem – transmits messages to
organs from brain
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Explore - Nervous System
Study Jams – The Nervous System
Nervous System
Sequence the events.
Nervous System
Sequence the events.
1.
2.
5.
3.
6.
4.
7.
Explore - Muscular System
Three Types of Muscle
Muscle Movement
Muscles work by contracting and relaxing.
They must work in pairs.
extensor
relaxed
Label the muscles.
Muscular System
Explore - Digestive System
Digestive System
Explore - Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Circulatory = heart + vessels + blood
 Cardiovascular = circulatory – blood
 Circulatory System – transports
needed materials (oxygen) and
eliminates waste (carbon dioxide CO2)
 Veins – carry blood with little or no
oxygen towards heart on right (blue)
 Arteries – carry blood away from heart
with oxygen on left (red) - aorta is
largest
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Study Jams – Circulatory System
Identify the Parts of the Heart
Identify the Parts of the Heart
Circulatory
System
*NOTE
We do not actually have
blue blood. The blood that runs
through our veins lacks oxygen, so it
is dark red in color. This blood runs
under a layer of subcutaneous fat
which allows blue light to penetrate
skin all the way to veins, so this is the
color that is reflected back.
Respiratory System
Explore - Respiratory System
Identify the Parts of the Lungs
Identify the Parts of the Lungs
Remember…
A system is a group of organs that work
together and provide an organism with an
advantage for survival. It is the most
complex organization in your body and the
final level of the progression from cells to
tissues to organs and then systems.
Systems work alone and with other systems
to allow your body to maintain homeostasis.
Homeostasis is a stable internal
environment that allows you (and your
cells) to survive.
Body Systems Review
1.
Which system is responsible for providing
us with a framework of support?
a. skeletal
b. nervous
c. muscular
d. digestive
e. cardiovascular
f. respiratory
Body Systems Review
2. Which system is responsible for exchanging
carbon dioxide for oxygen?
a. skeletal
b. nervous
c. muscular
d. digestive
e. cardiovascular
f. respiratory
Body Systems Review
3. Which system works best with our skeletal
system to move our bodies?
a. skeletal
b. nervous
c. muscular
d. digestive
e. cardiovascular
f. respiratory
Body Systems Review
4. Which system is responsible for breaking
down food to release nutrients needed
for energy production?
a. skeletal
b. nervous
c. muscular
d. digestive
e. cardiovascular
f. respiratory
Body Systems Review
5. Which kind of muscles are found in our
digestive system?
a. cardiac
b. skeletal
c. striated
d. smooth
e. voluntary
How Body Systems Interact
Nervous System
• Controls movement in muscular system
• Regulates heart rate and blood pressure
• Regulates speed at which food moves
through digestive system
• Controls drinking and feeding behavior
• Controls muscles for eating
and elimination of waste
• Regulates respiratory/
breathing rate
How Body Systems Interact
Skeletal System
• Produces blood cells for circulatory system
• Protects internal organs
• Protects brain and spinal cord of the
nervous system
• Works with muscular
system to move
• Stores minerals and releases
for the body when needed
How Body Systems Interact
Muscular System
• Contracts the heart
• Moves food along digestive tract
• Works with skeletal system to move by
contracting and pulling on bones
How Body Systems Interact
Digestive System
• Transfers nutrients to the blood stream
• Provides energy for muscles
• Absorbs water
• Eliminates waste
How Body Systems Interact
Cardiovascular System
• Takes nutrients from the digestive system
and delivers them to cells and organs
• Transports waste material
• Takes oxygen from the lungs and delivers it
to other organs
• Delivers oxygen for muscle
energy
• Takes carbon dioxide to the
lungs to be removed as waste
How Body Systems Interact
Respiratory System
• Takes in oxygen and gives it to the heart to
be delivered
• Removes carbon dioxide from the heart and
eliminates it as waste
Body Systems Questions
1. What role does the circulatory system
provide to the digestive system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It transports nutrients to the cells.
It releases waste into the blood.
It moves food through the intestines.
It transports food particles to the muscles
Body Systems Questions
2. Which body system is responsible for
supplying the body with oxygen and
removing carbon dioxide?
a.
b.
c.
d.
nervous
digestive
muscular
respiratory
Body Systems Questions
3. Which best describes the system that
provides transportation for cell necessities
using the bloodstream?
a.
b.
c.
d.
muscular system
circulatory system
respiratory system
cardiovascular system
Body Systems Questions
4. Which describes a task performed by the
circulatory system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
sending messages to the brain
controlling muscle movement
transporting waste materials
producing energy from foods
Body Systems Questions
5. How does the muscular system depend
on the nervous system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The nervous system transports blood to
the muscles.
The nervous system provides support for
the muscles.
The nervous system supplies food and
oxygen to the muscles.
The nervous system sends signals
to the muscles to cause movement.
Body Systems Questions
6.Which major body system breaks down
food to release nutrients needed for energy
production?
a.
b.
c.
d.
digestive
muscular
respiratory
cardiovascular
Body Systems Questions
7. Which is a cardiovascular muscle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lung
heart
stomach
diaphragm
Body Systems Questions
8. Which best describes the relationship
between the cardiovascular system and the
muscular system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The cardiovascular system captures carbon
dioxide from the air for muscle energy.
The cardiovascular system produces red
blood cell to bring oxygen to muscles.
The cardiovascular system provides a
framework for muscle movement.
The cardiovascular system delivers
oxygen for muscle energy.
Body Systems Questions
9. Which best describes how the muscular
system impacts movement of the human body?
a.
b.
c.
d.
When a muscle expands, it pulls on the bone it
is connected to and the bone moves.
When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone
it is connected to and the bone moves.
When a muscle contracts, it pushes on the
bone it is connected to and the
bone moves.
When a muscle expands, it pushes
on the bone it is connected to and
the bone moves.
Body Systems Questions
10. Which best describes the relationship
between the nervous system and the muscular
system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The brain is protected by muscle.
Muscles cause the heart to contract.
The brain controls muscle movement.
Muscles move food through the stomach.
Body Systems Questions
11. Which two body systems work together to
provide the body with new red blood cells that
carry oxygen?
a.
b.
c.
d.
skeletal and digestive
muscular and digestive
skeletal and respiratory
circulatory and respiratory
Body Systems Questions
12. How is the muscular system different from
the digestive system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The muscular system moves the bones, while
the digestive system provides the body with
nutrients.
The muscular system provides the body with
nutrients, while the digestive system moves the
bones.
The muscular system provides oxygen to cells,
while the digestive system
protects the major organs.
The muscular system protects the
major organs, while the digestive
system provides oxygen to cells.
Blood Pumping Experience a Must!
A heart is needed to be a part of our new team.
Must be willing to work 24 hours a day.
Must work well with lungs.
Duties include negotiating the trade of
carbon dioxide for oxygen with the lungs.
Do not apply if you are not willing to work hard.
Interested? Contact The Circulatory System