Transcript The Human Body workforce planning

The Human Body
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Did you Know??!!
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Your brain is 80% water
A human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels in their body
The lining of your digestive system is shed every 3 days
More than half the bones in your body are found in your
hands and feet
• Everyone is color blind at birth
• 1.7 litres of saliva is produced each day
• About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every
second, and the same number are born each second
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Body Systems:
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
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TRIVIA!
1. How many muscles are there in
the human body?
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Answer: 640 Muscles
Muscles band together to form muscle groups
which work together
When the muscles contract, they pull on the
tendons which pull on the bones and cause our
limbs to move
Muscles can be either voluntary or involuntary
(consider your arm vs. your heart which beats
60 to 80 beats every minute without you having
to think about it!)
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Functions of the Muscular
System
Involuntary
Some involuntary functions of the
muscular system are muscles to help you
breathe, make your heart beat, and help
move food through the digestive system.
Voluntary
Some voluntary functions of the
muscular system are like playing piano,
running, playing video games, and throwing
a ball.
The Muscular System
Vocabulary
Smooth muscles- acts on the lining of passageways and internal
organs.
Skeletal muscles- these are attached to the bone and cause body
movements
Cardiac Muscles- is a type of striated muscle that forms the
wall of the heart
Problems of the Muscle System
Bruise- is a area of discolored skin that appears after an injury.
Tendonitis- is a inflammation of the tendon, caused by injury or
over use aging
Hernia- when a organ or tissue protrudes through an area of weak
muscle.
More TRIVIA!
• The longest muscle in the body is ___________
• Answer- The Sartorius
• The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and
across to the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh
outwards.
• The smallest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Stapedius
• The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long
and thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.
• The biggest muscle in the body is __________
• Answer- The Gluteus Maximus
• The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the
leg backwards powerfully for walking and running.
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There are about 60 muscles in the face.
Smiling is easier than frowning.
It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown.
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This will be on your quiz!!
Study all the notes!! & diagrams
The Skeletal System
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TRIVIA!
• How many bones are there in the human
body?
• Answer: 206 Bones
• When you were born, your skeleton had
around 350 bones. By the time you become
an adult, you will only have 206 bones. This
is because, as you grow, some of the bones
join together to form one bone.
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Functions of Skeleton
System
Skeletal system provides a
structure for the body. It
includes a vertebrae of spine
and supports upper body and
head.
Types of Bones
Small bones-includes bones in legs
and arms
Short bones-bones in wrist and
ankles
Flat bones-In skull and protect
organs like the rib cage
Irregular bones-facial bones or
vertebrae bones
Inside a Bone-
• Our bones are alive- they have their own nerves
and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such
as storing body minerals.
• A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or
compact bone, which is very strong, dense and
tough.
• Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is like
honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible.
• In the middle of some bones is jelly-called bone
marrow, where new cells are constantly being
produced for the blood.
Joints
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Joints are the point were bones meet.
Types of Joints
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Ball-and-socket joints- formed when a rounded head of one
bone fits into the rounded cavity of an jointed bone. Hip &
shoulder
Hinge joints-would include elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers. Allows
bone to bend and straighten
Pivot joints- allow limited rotation or turning of the head
Ellipsoidal joints- bone in wrist, and a oval shaped part that fits
in a curved space, the joints slide over each other
The Skeleton-
• The Skeleton is the name given to the
collection of bones that holds the rest of
our body up. Our skeleton is very
important to us. It does three major jobs:
1. It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the
heart and the lungs.
2. It gives us the shape that we have. Without our
skeleton, we would just be a blob of blood and
tissue on the floor.
3. It allows us to move. Because our muscles are
attached to our bones, when our muscles move,
they move the bones, and we move.
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Healthy Bones
• Most of the calcium in your
body is stored in your bones
• Exercise and a good diet help
to keep bones strong
• Vitamin D helps you absorb
calcium so that your bones
can stay strong
• Sources of vitamin D include
milk, salmon, cereal, beef and
egg
• When bones break they can
heal themselves, and they are
stronger when they heal than
they were before they were
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broken!
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Fractures
Hairline fractures- is were the fracture
incomplete
Transverse fracture- a fracture that is
completely across the bone
Joints
Dislocation- is when the ligaments
attached to the bone are torn or out
of place
Torn cartilage- is a sharp blow or twisting
of the joint
Arthritis- inflammation of the joint and
is a result of natural wear and tear
Care of the Skeletal System
Ways to care for the Skeletal system is to eat foods that contain
calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus, they can help prevent the development
of certain skeletal disorders.
Problems of the Skeletal System
Problems of the skeletal system can be a result of poor nutrition,
infections, sports, and recreational injuries and poor posture. Osteoporosis
and dislocation of the joints are also other problems of the Skeletal
System.
Vocabulary
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Osteoporosis- is a condition in which progressive loss of bone tissue occurs
Scoliosis- a lateral, or side-to-side, curvature of the spine
Careers• A Medical Radiologic Technologist works with a
wide range of machines, film processing units, and
accessory equipment to produce and record
images for visualizing the extent of disease or
injury to a patient.
• A radiograph (X-ray) may be a routine film of the
chest or a broken finger or it may form part of
the sophisticated examinations used in the
detection of heart, blood vessel, or brain
abnormalities.
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TRIVIA!
Who discovered the X-ray?
ANSWER~
• Wilhelm Roentgen, a physicist at the University of
Wursburg, Germany, discovered radiation “X-rays” on
November 8, 1895. This discovery altered the course
of medicine.
• Roentgen refused to patent his discovery or realize
financial gain from it, preferring instead that the world
benefit from his research.
• Many fields have emerged in Diagnostic Imaging
since Roentgen’s discovery. The science has
expanded to include General Imaging, CT Scan,
Nuclear Medicine, Ultrasound and MR1
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Activity~
• Check out www.sait.ca and find out about
the different programs offered at SAIT
that focus on
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General Imaging
CT Scan
MRI
Ultrasound
Nuclear Medicine
www.sait.ca
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The Professionals
• Medical Radiologic Technologist
• TRIVIA! How many months for this diploma?
– Answer: Medical Radiologic Technology is a 21 month diploma
• Nuclear Medicine Technologist
• TRIVIA! What are the employment statistics?
– Answer: Graduates enjoyed a 100% employment rate
• Diagnostic Medical Sonographer
• TRIVIA! What are the education requirements?
– Answer: A High School Diploma, with over 60% in English 30,
Bio 30, Math 30/31, Physics 30 and Chemistry 20.
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The Circulatory
System
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Did you know?!
The average person has 4-5 litres of blood
• The blood is the transport system by
which oxygen and nutrients reach the
body's cells, and waste materials are
carried away.
• In addition, blood carries substances
called hormones, which control body
processes, and antibodies to fight
invading germs.
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Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs
to all the cells of the body while White blood
cells are like soldiers protecting the body.
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TRIVIA!
• ARTERIES are vessels that carry
blood ____________
AWAY FROM the heart.
• VEINS are vessels that carry blood
TOWARDS the heart.
_________
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The Heart
• Your heart is a muscle about the size of your clenched fist.
• It is located in the left side of your chest, behind your rib
cage and between your lungs
• It has thick muscular walls and is divided into two pumps.
• Blood from the right side pump is dark red (bluish) and low in
oxygen.
• This dark red blood travels along pulmonary arteries to the
lungs where it receives fresh supplies of oxygen and
becomes bright red.
• The bright red blood then flows along pulmonary veins back
to the heart's left side pump
• Blood leaves the left side of the heart and travels through
arteries which gradually divide into capillaries.
• In the capillaries, food and oxygen are released to the body
cells
• The blood then travels in veins back to the right side of the
heart, and the whole process begins again.
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The
Human
Heart
Study This
Diagram!
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Did You Know??!!
Blood is a liquid organ
 The heart beats around 3 billion times in the
average person's life
• Your blood pressure is the measure of the force of blood as
it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system
Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are some 5
million red blood cells, 300 000 platelets and 10
000 white cells.
• It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the
whole body.
» Microscopic View of Blood Cells
TRIVIA!
About how many red blood
cells are there in one drop
of blood?
• There are about 5,000,000 Red
Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.
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The Professionals
• Medical Laboratory Assistants
– Collect, Prepare and process patient specimens
• TRIVIA! What does phlebotomy mean?
– Answer: Collecting Blood
• Medical Laboratory Technologists
– Responsible for a broad spectrum of lab testing and
procedures to diagnose, treat and prevent disease
• TRIVIA! This is Canada’s ___ largest
group of health care professionals
– Answer: They are Cananda’s 3rd Largest group of health care
Professionals
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Quiz time..
The Digestive System
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What have you EATEN today??
• Food provides us with fuel to live, energy
to work and play, and the raw materials to
build new cells.
• All the different varieties of food we eat
are broken down by our digestive system
and transported to every part of our body
by our circulatory system.
–We eat about 500kg of food A Year!
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• The main part of the digestive system is
the digestive tract.
• This is like a long tube, some nine metres
in total, through the middle of the body.
• It starts at the mouth, where food and
drink enter the body, and finishes at the
anus, where leftover food and wastes leave
the body
• Every day 11.5 litres of digested food,
liquids and digestive juices flow through
the digestive system, but only 100mls is
lost as waste.
• The Mouth- Teeth bite off and chew
food which mixes it with watery
saliva, from 6 salivary glands around
the mouth and face
• The Oesophagus- A muscular tube
that takes food from the mouth to
the stomach.
TRIVIA!
– Food moves through the oesophagus by a
muscular movement know as
_____________
Peristalsis
» This means that even if you stand on your
head, food will still reach your stomach!
The Stomach
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The stomach has a thick muscular wall that contracts to mash up
the food
Stomach acids and enzymes begin to break down the nutrients in
the food we eat, particularly the proteins
The liquefied contents of the stomach enter the small intestine
for further processing
As the food is digested in the small intestine it is dissolved into
the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine,
The contents of the intestine are mixed and pushed forward to
allow further digestion and absorption of nutrients by the walls of
the intestine.
The waste products of this process include undigested parts of
the food, known as fiber, and older cells shed from the lining of
the stomach and intestine.
These materials are propelled into the colon, where they remain,
usually for a day or two, until the feces are expelled by a bowel
movement.
– It takes about 20-30 hours to digest
food completely
The Respiratory System
•The primary function of the
respiratory system is to supply
the blood with oxygen.
•The respiratory system does
this through breathing.
•When we breathe, we inhale
oxygen and exhale carbon
dioxide.
•When we inhale oxygen, it goes
into our lungs and is absorbed by
the blood stream
The Lungs• Inside each of your sponge-like lungs, tubes,
called bronchi, branch into even smaller tubes
much like the branches of a tree. At the end of
these tubes are millions of tiny bubbles or sacs
called aleoli.
• They exchange the oxygen for waste products,
like carbon dioxide, which the cells in your body
have made and can't use.
• Once they receive the oxygen, red blood cells
turn from purple to that beautiful red color as
they start carrying the oxygen to all the cells in
your body.
*The branching out
of the aleoli
creates more
surface area which
in turn allows for
more oxygen to be
absorbed.
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TRIVIA!
• When we eat, a flap called the
________ -- flops down to cover the
windpipe so that food doesn't go
down the wrong tube.
epiglottis
• ANSWER- ___________
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The Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous
System
The nervous system coordinates all
of the activities in your body, from
breathing to digesting food or
sensing pain or feeling of fear.
Vocabulary
Cerebrum- is the largest and most
complex part of the brain, its covered
with a thin layer of gray matter
Cerebellum- is the second largest part of
the brain and coordinates movement
Brain Stem- is a three inch stalk of nerve
cells and fibers that connects to spinal
cord to the rest of the brain
Fun Facts!!!
Care and Problems of the Nervous
System
Care of the Nervous System
Eating a well balanced diet, exercising
regularly, and getting enough sleep affect the
health of your nervous system.
Ways to Protect your Nervous System
Keep your nervous system healthy by
protecting it from injury. To protect your head
and spine wear a helmet and protective gear
while riding a bike, motorcycle, skating, and
any contact sport.
Disorders and Problems
Disorders
Parkinson's disease-results in
destruction of the nerve cells in
an area of the brain that helps
coordinate skeletal muscle
movement
Multiple Sclerosis- involves the
destruction of the myelin sheath
that surrounds the axons of the
neurons in the CNS
Alzheimer's disease- results with
neurons in the brain are
destroyed If neurons become
clogged with protein deposits,
they are unable to transmit
impulses result in loss of memory
Review Time!!