Transcript Body System Organization Overview

Body System
Organization
Overview
UEQ: How is the body
organized?
• LEQ: What are the major organ systems of
the human body?
• Warm up: How many organ systems can
you name in the human body?
Integumentary System
• Includes: Cutaneous
membrane, aka skin
• Other accessory organs
such as hair, nails,
sweat glands,
sebaceous glands.
• Protect the body from
drying out and having
foreign items entering in
Skeletal System
• Made up of bones; also
includes your cartilage
(tendons and ligaments)
• provide points of
attachment for muscles
• protect and support softer
tissue
• house blood producing
cells, store inorganic salts
• provide pathways for blood
vessels and nerves
Respiratory system
• Includes nasal cavity, sinus
cavity, throat, trachea, lungs,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
• Primary function is to obtain
oxygen and remove CO2
• Includes tubes that remove
particles from incoming air &
transport air into and out of
the lungs
• gas exchange between the
atmosphere and body cells
= respiration
• Oxygen utilization and
carbon dioxide production in
the cells = cellular respiration
Muscular System
• Muscles and organs
composed of
specialized cells that
use chemical energy
stored in nutrients to
contract
• Actions include: muscle
tone, propel body fluids
and food, generate
heartbeat, and
distribute heat
Cardiovascular
System
• Includes heart, arteries,
veins, blood
• Brings oxygen and
nutrients to the body cells
and removes waste
• Comprised of a pump
(heart) and its vessels
(arteries, veins, capillaries)
and blood
• If didn’t exist, no oxygen or
nutrients would be
delivered, CO2/wastes
would build up
Urinary System
• Includes the kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder,
urethra
• Removes salts and
nitrogenous wastes
• Helps to maintain normal
concentrations of water
and electrolytes
• Regulates pH and volume
of body fluid
• Helps to control red blood
cell production and blood
pressure
Nervous System
• Comprised of neurons, aka
nerve cells; nervous tissue –
bundles of axons and neuroglial
cells
• Sensory information is brought
into and sent out of the brain and
spinal cord
• Nerve impulses are chemical
reactions that allow them to
communicate from cell to cell.
• Can be divided into two systems
– Central nervous system and
peripheral nervous system
Digestive System
• Includes: mouth, tongue,
teeth, salivary glands,
pharynx, esophogus,
stomach, liver, gallbladder,
pancrease, small and large
intestine
• Mechanical and chemical
breakdown of foods
• Supplies body cells with
nutrients
• Consists of the alimentary
canal – mouth to anus.
• 186 sq. meters long
Endocrine System
• Include: pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, and adrenal
gland, pancreas, ovaries,
testes, thymus gland
• Endocrine glands – secrete
hormones
• Exocrine glands – secrete
“stuff” outside the body.
• Act on cells called target
cells
• Can be used as messenger
molecules
Lymphatic and Immunity System
• Consists of: lymphatic
vessels, lymph fluid,
lymph nodes, thymus
gland and spleen.
• Network of vessels that
transports transports fluids
• Carry away excess fluids
from body to blood stream
• Launch both generalized
and targeted attacks
against foreign objects or
toxins
Reproductive System
• can be divided into the internal reproductive organs and the external
genitalia.
• gonads are the actual organs that produce the gametes.
• Males - testes produce sperm; external genitalia- penis and scrotum;
internal genitalia – prostate gland
• Females - ovaries make eggs; internal genitalia – vagina, uterus, ovaries,
fallopian tubes