Transcript Body Systems in Vertebrate Animals

Body Systems in
Vertebrate Animals
SWBAT differentiate between bone and cartilage;
define vertebral column and skull; describe circulation
through a 2, 3, and 4 chambered heart; compare
respiration in gills and lungs; describe the two parts of
a frog’s nervous system; differentiate between a
sensory receptor and a sensory organ; differentiate
between central and peripheral nervous systems, and
between cranial and spinal nerves; list hormonecontrolled processes in animals; identify the structures
of a vertebrate’s digestive system and describe their
functions; explain the key role of the urethra, urine,
urinary bladder, kidneys, and ureters in the excretory
systems.
Vertebrates
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What 3 main characteristics do animals in the
vertebrate group share?
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Endoskeleton
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Made of a combination of bone and cartilage and are inside
the body
Vertebral column
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Vertebrae
Skulls
Skeletons that are alive
A series of similar bones that support and protect the body
and spinal cord
Skull
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Covers and protects the brain
Circulatory Systems
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What are some things that blood cells transport?
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Oxygenated blood
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Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Waste
Food
Chemicals
Carries oxygen
Deoxygenated blood
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Takes on carbon dioxide
Heart Chambers
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Describe circulation in the heart.
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Chambers, made of muscle, contract to force out blood.
One way valves prevent it from going back into the
chamber it left, pumping blood in only one direction.
Arteries carry the blood away from the heart and it is
returned by veins.
List an animal with a 2 chambered heart and describe
how it works.
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Fish
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One chamber receives blood the other pumps it back out.
Heart Chambers
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List an animal with a 3 chambered heart and
describe how it works.
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Reptiles and amphibians
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One chamber collects oxygenated blood while another
collects deoxygenated blood. Both of them empty into a
third chamber where the blood is mixed
List an animal with a 4 chambered heart and
describe how it works.
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Birds and mammals
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2 chambers on one side pump only oxygenated blood
while the other 2 pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs
for a refill
Facets of Zoology: Biomimicry:
Borrowing Ideas from the Creator
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How have animals helped man create
technology?
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Biomimicry refers to studying living things to
discover better solutions to problems.
Da Vinci and the Wright brothers studied birds to
perfect his flying machines.
Today’s submarines are based on designs of
marine mammals and fish.
Echolocation is based on the ability of bats.
Respiratory Systems
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Gills
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Lungs
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Take oxygen from water and give off carbon
dioxide
Air chambers inside and animals body were blood
can obtain oxygen and give off carbon dioxide
How is respiration different in gills and lungs?
Respiratory System
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Diaphragm
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Thin layer of muscle that separates the chest
chamber from the abdomen.
Nervous System
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Central nervous system
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Peripheral nervous system
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Made up of the brain and the spinal cord
Made up of nerves and sensory receptors, and sensory
organs
What is the difference between sensory receptors and
sensory organs?
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Receptors are scattered throughout the body, a sensory
organ is a collection of the receptors that normally only
senses one factor
Nervous System
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What is the difference between the central
nervous system and the peripheral nervous
system?
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The peripheral system receives the impulse or
stimuli and transports it through the nerves to the
central nervous system which controls the
response.
Hormones in Animals
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What are some processes that hormones
control?
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Metamorphosis in arthropods and amphibians
Growth
Help digestive system function
Aid in reproduction
Trigger hibernation or migration
Aid in emergency/high stress situations
Digestive System
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Stomach
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Small intestine
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Produces bile that breaks down fats
Pancreas
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Enzymes chemically digest different foods, enough that it
can absorbed into the bloodstream
Liver
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Squeezes the food to mix it with digestive enzymes
Smaller organ that makes enzymes and releases them into
the small intestine. These enzymes break down sugars,
proteins, and fats
Large intestine
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Food that cannot be digested passes through here to exit the
body
Excretory System
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Kidneys
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Ureter
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Filter waste from the blood
Tubes in kidneys that waste flows through
Urinary bladder
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Stores urine (waste) before being expelled from
the body