Transcript Human Body Systems - Warren County Public Schools

Human Body Systems
Levels of organization
Cell  Tissue  Organ  System
4 main types of tissue:
– 1) Epithelial
Sheets of tightly packed cells, covers the
body, lines organs, and protects
One side is always bound to a basement
membrane
Other side faces air or fluid environment
– 2) Connective
Supports and binds
Cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bone, & blood
3) Muscle
– Body movement
– Muscle filaments are made of actin & myosin
(proteins)
– The fibers contract when stimulated by a nerve
– Most abundant tissue in animals
– 3 types:
Skeletal – used for movement & is voluntary
Smooth – found in organs & is involuntary
Cardiac – in heart & is involuntary
4) Nervous
– Functional unit is a nerve cell (neuron)
– Senses stimuli & transmits signals from
one part of the body to another
11 major body systems:
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Digestive
Circulatory
Respiratory
Excretory
Nervous
Endocrine
Skeletal
Muscular
-Integumentary
Reproductive
Immune or Lymphatic
1) Digestive System – break down
food
– You get energy for your body from the
food you eat
The steps of digestion
1) Mouth
– Teeth chew food
2) Esophagus
– As you swallow your food it passes down the
esophagus
3) Stomach
– Breaks down the food and turns it into
liquid
– The liquid is called chyme
4) Small Intestine
– The good stuff we need is absorbed into
the body
– Blood takes it where it needs to go
5) Large Intestine
– Removes the water
– The rest is released from your body
Takes about 24-33 hours
2) Circulatory System – carries
materials
– Contains the heart and blood vessels
– The heart pumps blood throughout the
body
– Blood carries food and oxygen to where
it is needed
The Heart
– About the size of your fist
– Most powerful organ in the body
– The heart beat is automatic
Blood Flow Through the Body
1) Right atrium receives blood from the body
(low in oxygen/high in carbon dioxide)
2) Blood moves into the right ventricle
3) The RV pumps the blood to the lungs
4) Blood is filled with oxygen in the lungs &
carbon dioxide leaves the blood and is removed
through exhaling (breathing out)
5) The blood leaves the lungs and heads back to
the heart (has lots of oxygen now)
6) Goes to the left atrium
7) Moves to the left ventricle (thick and powerful)
8) LV sends blood out of the aorta to the rest of
the body
Blood
Blood vessels
– Arteries – carry blood away from heart
– Veins – carry blood to the heart
Blood pressure
– Force of blood against the walls of blood
vessels (usually arteries)
3) Respiratory System (get oxygen)
– Uses the lungs
– Air brought in when you breathe
through the trachea
– Inhale & Exhale
4) Excretory System (get rid of
wastes)
– Get rid of water, heat, salt, and nitrogen
– Kidneys
– Perspiration – sweating
5) Nervous System (controls
activities)
– Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
– Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
All other nerves in the body
CNS
1) Brain
– 3 parts:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
2) Spinal Cord
– 31 pairs of nerves protected by vertebra
5 senses:
– Vision (eyes)
– Hearing (ears)
– Touch (skin)
– Taste (tongue)
Sweet, sour, bitter, salty
– Smell (nose)
6) Endocrine (controls activities)
– Made of glands
Hormones are chemical messengers
7) Skeletal System (protects &
supports)
– Support the body and gives it shape
– Allows movement
– Protect organs
Ribcage (heart & lungs)
Vertebrae (spinal cord)
Skull (brain)
206 bones in the body
– Not the nose or ears
8) Muscular system (allows
movement)
– Over 600 muscles in the body
– Works with the skeletal system to allow
movement
3 kinds of muscle tissue
– Skeletal
– Smooth
– Cardiac
9) Integumentary system
– Fights diseases
– The organ is your skin
– The skin is the largest organ of your
body
– Hair and fingernails/toenails are part
10) Reproductive System
– Used by animals to reproduce
– Main organs:
Males = testes & penis
Females = ovaries, uterus, & vagina
Male
Female
11) Immune/Lymphatic system
– Protects the body from diseases
– Main structures:
White blood cells
Lymph nodes