Transcript Diseases of the Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
A Breath of Life
Respiratory System
·Responsible for the intake of Oxygen and removal of
Carbon Dioxide
·Body has a reserve of 4-6 minutes of Oxygen
·Consists of upper and lower respiratory systems
Anatomy
Upper Respiratory Tract
·The nares
to the trachea
What happens to the air as
it
enters the nasal cavity?
What does the cillia do?
Name the 3 sections of the
pharynx.
Lungs
·Located in the thoracic cavity
·Covered with sac -like membrane called pleura
·Visceral pleura – attached to the lung
·Parietal pleura – attached to the chest wall
·Plueral space filled with Plueral fluid to decrease friction
·Right
Lung-
·3 sections – superior, middle and inferior
·Has a shorter, wider bronchus
·Left Lung
·Smaller w/ superior and inferior lobes due to heart
sitting primarily to the left
Lower
Respiratory
System
Trachea to the alveoli
·What does the Epiglottis do?
Trachea - windpipe
Esophagus - food pipe
·What is surfactant?
What are the differences between
the left and right lungs?
·Pleura- sac or membrane that encloses the
lungs
·Visceral - attaches to lung surface
·Parietal - attaches to chest wall
·Pleural fluid - lubricant in the pleural sac
Lower
Respiratory
System
Bronchioles terminate into
alveoli, "grape-like" clusters of
air chambers.
Each alveoli is wrapped with
a capillary network.
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
are exchanged here
What is surfactant and
what does it do?
Can you resusitate the pt?
Ventilation
·The process of breathing
·Consists of one breath in and out
·Inspiration – air is drawn into the body
·Expiration – air is forced out of the body
·Respiratory center in the Medulla Oblongata, located in the brain stem, regulates
respiratory effort based on the amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood.
·What causes a Yawn? Are they contagious?
Respiration
·Inspiration begins when Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract enlarging the thoracic cavity which causes a vacuum to form
·Air is pulled into the body through the nose, nasal cavity and sinuses,
through the 3 sections of the pharynx, through the larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles to the alveoli
Gas Exchange
·The O2 and CO2 exchange in the lungs occurs between the alveoli
walls
and the capillaries that wrap around each of the “grapes” of the
alveoli;
this process is called external respiration.
·The CO2 and O2 exchange at each cell of the tissues and is called
internal respiration.
·Each gas travels from an area of high concentration to an area of
lower
concentration
Respiration
·Expiration begins when the Diaphragm and
intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the size of the
throacic cavity
·CO2 rich air is forced from the Alveoli through the
bronchioles, bronchi and trachea, through the larynx
and the 3 sections of the pharynx, through the
nasal cavity and out the nares of the nose.
What does Respiration look like?
http://www.wisconline.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP15104
Cellular Respiration
·Occurs within each cell of every tissue
·O2 from the blood enters the cell along with nutrients.
·The cells use both these to produce energy
· the “left-overs” of this process are CO2, and waste whic
transfer into the blood stream
·They are carried to the lungs and exhaled.
Speech
·Sound is produced when air leaving the lungs vibrates
the vocal cords in the larynx
·Then the lips and tongue act on the sound to produce
speech
·Sinus cavities are responsible for the resonance for th
voice
·Why does our voice change when we get a “cold”?
Diseases of the Respiratory
System
·Epitaxis – nose bleed
·URI -upper respiratory infection – “a common cold”
·Bronchitis-inflammation of the bronchi and bonchioles
·Pneumonia-Inflammation and infection of the lungs, build up of
mucous in the alveoli; often leads to atelectasis,or collapsed lung
Diseases of the
Respiratory System
·Lung CA
·Leading cause of death
among men and women
·Cellular changes secondary
to exposure to carcinogens
·Name some known
carcinogens.
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