Transcript The Respiratory System

Respiratory System
Sarah Carrigan, Matt DiBiase, Riley
Jacobs, and Amanda Kim
Respiratory System: General Facts
• Respiratory system can been seen in two zones: conducting
zone and respiratory zone:
o conducting: airways through which air travels
 consists of the trachea, bronchi, and the parts of the
lungs
o respiratory: oxygen and carbon dioxide transported into
and out of the bloodstream via alveoli and capillaries7
7)Rosenberger, Erich. "Structure and Function of Lungs."Sciences: Medical Science. Helium, n.d.
Web. 10 Nov. 2009. < http://www.helium.com/items/1270853-structure-and-function-of-thelungs>.
How Does the Air Get Into the Lungs?
- First, the diaphragm contracts and
expands the chest chavity for
breathing
-the external intercostal muscles also
contract, and lift the ribs out1
-As air enters the body, it is filtered by
cilia2
-The cilia in the nasal and oral
pharynxes, and in the trachea, trap the
particles in mucus, preventing them
from entering the lungs2
-The body also serves as a
mechanism to warm and humidify the
air2
1) "Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways:
Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We
believe the most important condition is the human one..
N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.merck.com/mmhe/
2)"The Respiratory System." The Respiratory System. THink
Quest: Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_
Level/Respiratory_page.L.html>.
Pathway of the Air
-nostrils / mouth
-nasal pharynx
-oral pharynx
-epiglottis
-glottis
-trachea
-bronchi
-bronchioles
-alveoli4
3
3)" Anatomy of Your Child’s Respiratory System | HealthSheets | Wellness Library | Mount Nittany Medical Center
." Mount Nittany Medical Center . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.mountnittany.org/wellnesslibrary/healthsheets/documents?ID=322>.
4)"Respiratory System." RCN D.C. Metro | High-Speed Internet, Digital Cable TV & Phone Service Provider. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.
What is the Role of the Diaphragm?
5
What is the Role of the Diaphragm?
-The diaphragm is a dome-shaped sheet of
muscle
- It separates the chest cavity from the
abdomen
-When the diaphragm contracts (inspiration)
it expands the lungs by expanding the chest
cavity, creating a vacuum that pulls air into
the lungs
-The intercostal muscles help to move the
ribs
-When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest
cavity becomes smaller, air is forced out, and
the person exhales (expiration)6
6)" Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and
Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck &
Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition
is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch038/ch03
8e.html>.
11)"Voice lessons | How to sing in tune | Sing better |
Singing lessons." How to sing in tune | Sing better |
Singing lessons | Voice lessons. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov.
2010. <http://www.singintune.org/voiceproduction.html>.
Main structures of the lungs involved in getting
oxygen to the rest of the body:
• Trachea - thick cartiledge tube that
transports air to the bronchi
• Bronchi: made of cartiledge
• Bronchi branch into thousands of smaller,
thinner tubes called bronchioles
• Alveoli: small air sacs that terminate the
bronchioles, and allow for gas exchange
• capillaries: very small blood vessels, allow for
gas exchange with alveolar sac
• pulmonary artery: delivers deoxygenated
blood from the heart to alveoli
• pulmonary vein: brings oxygen-rich blood to
the heart where it is pumped to other areas of
body8
8)"Respiratory system function."National Heart, Lung and
Blood Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_re
spsys.html>.
Alveoli Structure
-The alveoli are cupped sheets of epithelial cells with a
basement membrane at its outer surface
-Each alveoli is surrounded by tiny blood vessels called
capillaries- connect to a network of arteries and veins that
move blood through your body10
-2 types of alveolar epithelial cells:
-Long cytoplasmic extension cells: spread out thinly along the
alveolar walls
-Compact cells: responsible for producing surfactant, a
phospholipid which lines the alveoli and reduces surface
tension at different volumes/ stability9
-The alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and their
respective basement membranes, make a thin respiratory
membrane
-There are more than 300 million alveoli in two adult lungs
providing a surface area of about 160 m2
9)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov.
2010. <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.
10)" Exchanging Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ." Merck & Co., Inc
Specific Function of Alveoli
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
deoxygenated blood is delivered by the pulmonary
artery to alveoli to become oxygenated
during exhalation: carbon dioxide is diffuses from the
blood stream into the alveolar air sac
CO2, once diffused back into air sacs, exit the body
through exhalation10
with higher concentration of CO2 in the blood stream,
the concentration gradient is directed outwards from
the blood into air sac
With inhalations oxygen passively diffuses from the air
sac across the alveolar membrane.
WIth higher concentration of oxygen in air sac,
concentration gradient is directed inwards towards
the blood stream
once in the blood stream, oxygen-rich blood
then
travels to the heart through the pulmonary vein and is
pumped to other areas of body
10)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The
Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_
circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.
REFERENCES
1) "Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We
believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.merck.com/mmhe/
2)"The Respiratory System." The Respiratory System. THink Quest: Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Respiratory_page.L.html>.
3)" Anatomy of Your Child’s Respiratory System | HealthSheets | Wellness Library | Mount Nittany Medical Center
." Mount Nittany Medical Center . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.mountnittany.org/wellnesslibrary/healthsheets/documents?ID=322>.
4)"Respiratory System." RCN D.C. Metro | High-Speed Internet, Digital Cable TV & Phone Service Provider. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.
5)" YouTube - 3D view of diaphragm ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY>.
6)" Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We
believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch038/ch038e.html>.
7)Rosenberger, Erich. "Structure and Function of Lungs."Sciences: Medical Science. Helium, n.d. Web. 10 Nov.
2009. < http://www.helium.com/items/1270853-structure-and-function-of-the-lungs>.
8)"Respiratory system function."National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_respsys.html>.
9)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov.
2010. <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.
10)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d.
Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_
circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.
11)"Voice lessons | How to sing in tune | Sing better | Singing lessons." How to sing in tune | Sing