Transcript Chapter 30 Review

Chapter 30 Review
Section 30.1
• The circulatory system- body system that
transports blood and nutrients
• Consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and
capillaries
• The respiratory system- body system where
gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) are
exchanged.
• Consists of the lungs, nose, mouth, trachea
(windpipe).
• Inhalation- oxygen goes into the body
• Exhalation- carbon dioxide leaves the body
Respiration and Circulation (30.1)
• Circulatory and respiratory systems work
together to maintain homeostasis.
• Oxygen is inhaled from the air through the
nose and mouth. Oxygen goes to the
lungs.
• From the lungs, oxygen goes into
capillaries, where it becomes part of the
blood.
• Blood carries oxygen through the body.
Lungs (30.1 & 30.2)
• The lungs consist of the bronchi, bronchioles,
and alveoli.
• The alveoli are the air sacs where gas exchange
takes place, inside the lungs.
• Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli of the lungs
(high concentration) to the capillaries of the
circulatory system (low concentration).
• The diaphragm is the muscle below the lungs
and rib cage that moves up and down when you
breathe.
30.2
• In the blood, oxygen is transported by red blood
cells, which have the protein hemoglobin.
• Hemoglobin binds to oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
• There are several diseases of the lungs:
• Emphysema- destroys alveoli
• Asthma- constricts airways
• Cystic Fibrosis- lungs produce to much mucus
Section 30.3
• The heart is the main organ of the
circulatory system.
• The heart pumps blood to the lungs and
also through the whole body. This blood
provides the cells of the body with oxygen
and nutrients.
• The heart has four chambers: the right
atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left
ventricle.
30.3
• Blood collects in the two atria of the heart.
• Blood is pumped by the two ventricles of the
heart.
• Path of blood flow in the heart: oxygen-poor
blood (blue) enters the heart at the right atrium,
then flows into the right ventricle, which pumps
blood to the lungs, that blood become
oxygenated, and enters the heart at the left
atrium, then flows into the left ventricle, which
pumps blood to the rest of the body.
30.3
• The pumping of blood from the heart to the
lungs is called pulmonary circulation.
• The pumping of blood from the heart to the
rest of the body (e.g. feet, hands, legs,
stomach, brain, etc.) is called systemic
circulation.
Section 30.4
• The blood vessels of the circulatory
system are: arteries, veins, and capillaries.
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins carry blood towards the heart.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels
and have thin walls that allow for diffusion
of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
30.4
• Blood pressure is the force of blood
pushing against the wall of an artery.
• There are two types of blood pressure:
• Systolic blood pressure: blood pressure
when ventricle contracts (i.e. when
pumping blood)
• Diastolic blood pressure: blood pressure
when ventricle relaxes (i.e. not pumping
blood).
30.4
• Permanently high blood pressure can
result in a heart attack or stroke.
• Poor lifestyle choices can result in
permanently high blood pressure.
Smoking, lack of exercise, long-term
stress, excessive weight, and diet low in
fruits and vegetables are all poor choices
that can damage the heart over time.
Section 30.5
• Blood is composed of cells, cell fragments,
and plasma.
• Plasma is mostly made of water.
• The cell fragments in blood are called
platelets.
• Platelets help in blood clotting (control
bleeding).
30.5
• The cells that make up blood are red blood
cells, which transports oxygen, and white
blood cells, which protect against infection
by fighting bacteria and viruses.
• Red blood cells have no nuclei, because
they don’t need it.
• Red blood cells have the protein
hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen.
Section 30.6
• The lymphatic system helps both the circulatory
and immune systems.
• The lymphatic system carries fluid that leaked
out of capillaries and returns that fluid back to
the circulatory system.
• The lymphatic system also helps fight diseases.
• The tonsils, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes,and
lymph vessels throughout the body make up the
lymphatic system.