Transcript Presentation

1. What does it mean when your blood is considered
oxygen rich? Oxygen poor?
2. Where in your body would the blood go to get
oxygen?
3. Why would your blood ever be considered
oxygen poor?
4. What is the oxygen being used for?
5. Recall the formula for Cellular Respiration:
6. 6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY(ATP)
7. So, as the oxygen is used up in the blood stream,
what is accumulating?
30.1 KEY CONCEPT
The respiratory and circulatory systems
bring oxygen and nutrients to the cells.
The respiratory and circulatory
systems work together to maintain
homeostasis.
• The circulatory system transports
blood and other materials.
– brings supplies to cells
– carries away wastes
– separates oxygen-poor and oxygenrich blood
Oxygen-rich blood
Oxygen-poor blood
• The respiratory system is where gas exchange occurs.
– picks up oxygen from inhaled air
– expels carbon dioxide and water
When you stand up after
lying down, why do your
heart rate and breathing
rate increase?
sinus
nose
mouth
epiglottis
trachea
lungs
As activity level
increases, the
breathing and heat
rates also increase
in order to provide
enough energy
The respiratory system moves gases
into and out of the blood.
• The lungs contain the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.
• Millions of alveoli give the lungs a huge surface area.
• The alveoli absorb oxygen from the air you inhale.
alveoli
bronchiole
• Breathing involves the diaphragm and muscles of the rib
cage.
• Air flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Air inhaled.
Air exhaled.
Muscles and
rib cage relax.
Muscles contract and
rib cage expands.
Diaphragm flattens
and moves downward.
Diaphragm relaxes
and rises.
The circulatory system moves blood to
all parts of the body.
• The system includes the heart,
arteries, veins, and capillaries.
–
–
–
–
veins
heart pumps blood throughout body
arteries move blood away from heart
veins move blood back to heart
capillaries get blood to and from cells
arteries
• There are three major functions of the circulatory
system.
– transporting blood, gases, nutrients
– collecting waste materials
– maintaining body temperature
30.2 KEY CONCEPT
The respiratory system exchanges
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Your cells perform cellular
respiration.
They need:
oxygen
They give off:
Carbon dioxide and water
Think back….
• Define diffusion.
• Flows from high concentration to low
concentration.
• So, if your lungs are full of oxygen and
your capillaries are low on oxygen, which
way will it flow?
• If your capillaries are full of carbon
dioxide, and your lungs are low on
carbon dioxide, which way will it flow?
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of
the lungs.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to
and from the alveoli.
– oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary
– oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells
– carbon dioxide diffuses from capillary into alveoli
GAS EXCHANGES
ALVEOLI
capillary
alveolus
Co2 diffuses
into alveolus.
co2
o2
capillaries
O2 diffuses
into blood.
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of
the lungs.
• Breathing is regulated by the brain stem.
• This means you don’t have to think about it, Why is that
important?
midbrain
pons
medulla
oblongata
spinal chord
Respiratory diseases interfere with gas
exchange.
• Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption.
– Emphysema destroys alveoli.
– Asthma constricts airways.
– Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.
• Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.
Summary section 1 and 2
1. Explain how diffusion allows gases to move in
and out of the alveoli.
2. In what ways can respiratory diseases reduce
the level of oxygen in the blood?
3. How do the respiration and circulatory system
work together to get oxygen to your cells and
carbon dioxide out?
4. What is the difference between arteries and
veins?
30.3KEY CONCEPT
The heart is a muscular pump that moves
the blood through two pathways.
The tissues and structures of the heart
make it an efficient pump.
• Cardiac muscle tissue works continuously without
tiring.
NORMAL HUMAN HEART
• The heart has four chambers: two atria, two ventricles.
• Valves in each chamber prevent backflow of blood.
• Muscles squeeze the chambers in a powerful pumping
action.
pulmonary valve
aortic valve
left atrium
right atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
tricuspid
right ventricle
septum
• The heartbeat consists of two contractions.
– Sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker, stimulates atria to
contract
– Atrioventicular (AV) node stimulates ventricles to contract
SA node
VA node
• Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.
– oxygen-poor blood enters right atrium, then right
ventricle
– right ventricle pumps blood to lungs
– oxygen-rich blood from lungs enters left atrium, then left
ventricle
– left ventricle pumps blood to body
• Blood flows through the heart in a specific pathway.
1
3
2
4
The heart pumps blood through two
main pathways.
• Pulmonary circulation occurs between the heart and the
lungs.
– oxygen-poor blood enters lungs
– excess carbon dioxide and water
expelled
– blood picks up oxygen
– oxygen-rich blood returns to heart
• Systemic circulation occurs
between the heart and the
rest of the body.
– oxygen-rich blood goes to
organs, extremities
– oxygen-poor blood returns
to heart
• The two pathways help
maintain a stable body
temperature.
Summary Section 3 (& part of 4)
1. What is the difference between systemic and
pulmonary circulation?
2. What is being exchanged in pulmonary
circulation?
3. Describe how blood flows through the heart.
4. What is unique about the size of capillaries? What
significance do they play in diffusion of gases?
5. Explain why arteries would not need valves to
keep blood moving in one direction.
30.5 KEY CONCEPT
Blood is a complex tissue that
transports materials.
Blood is composed mainly of cells,
cell fragments, and plasma.
• Whole blood is made up of different materials.
–
–
–
–
plasma
red blood cells
white blood cells
Platelets
You should know
the function of each!
plasma
red blood cells,
white blood cells,
and platelets
• Plasma is a key factor in maintaining homeostasis.
–
–
–
–
molecules diffuse into and out of plasma
contains proteins that stabilize blood volume
contains clotting factors
contains immune proteins
Platelets and different types of blood
cells have different functions.
• The bone marrow manufactures most of the blood
components.
red blood cell
platelet
white blood cell
• Red blood cells make up 40-45 % of all blood cells.
– transport oxygen to cells and carry away carbon dioxide
– have no nuclei and contain hemoglobin
• White blood cells fight pathogens and destroy foreign
matter.
red blood cell
platelet
white blood cell
• Protein markers define blood types and Rh factors.
– ABO blood group the most common
– Rh factor can be negative or positive
– blood types must be compatible for transfusions
• Platelets help form clots that control bleeding.
platelets
fibrin
white
blood cell
red blood cell
30.6 KEY CONCEPT
The lymphatic system provides another type of circulation in
the body.
Lymph is collected from tissues and
returned to the circulatory system.
• The lymphatic system collects
fluid that leaks out of the
capillaries.
– Lymph vessels have valves to
prevent backflow.
– Lymph nodes filter the lymph and
destroy foreign matter.
– Lymph vessels return cleaned
fluid to the circulatory system.
• If lymph vessels or nodes are
damaged, lymph collects in an area.
heart
lymph nodes
lymph vessels
The lymphatic system is a major part
of the immune system.
• Structures in the
lymphatic system
help fight disease.
– tonsils filter bacteria
and viruses
– thymus develops
white blood cells
– spleen filters lymph,
contains immune cells
tonsils
thymus
spleen
• Lymphocytes help destroy
pathogens, parasites, and
foreign matter.
Summary sections 5 and 6
1. What are the primary roles of red blood
cells, white blood cells and platelets?
2. How are the structures of an artery and a
vein different from or similar to the
structure of a lymph vessel?
3. The circulatory system is considered a
closed system. Is the lymphatic system a
closed or open system?
4. What might swollen tonsils or spleen tell
you about the condition of someone’s
overall health?