Transcript What is Animal Science

ANIMAL
SCIENCE
WHAT IS ANIMAL SCIENCE?
• Study of the principles of
animal nutrition, physiology,
genetics, health, behavior,
products and production
systems.
• Why do we raise animals?
- Enjoyment
- Use / Work
- To make money

All of the activities involved in raising animals
and meeting the needs of the people for
animals and animal uses
Livestock
Are animals produced on farms and ranches
for food or other purposes.
Ex. Beef, Pork, Chicken, Turkey, Eggs
Clothing (Wool)

RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MAJOR
MEAT SPECIES TO WORLD MEAT SUPPLIES .
PER CAPITA MEAT SUPPLY IN POUNDS,
SELECTED COUNTRIES
WORLD WIDE FACTS
•
16% of human calories come from
animal products
•
34% of human protein comes from
animal products
•
The US has the highest per capita
productivity per person
•
1 worker – feeds 115 people
•
Meat Facts
•
69% meat is protein,
•
US population engaged in farming
•
30% Energry (ATP)
•
1%
•
46% fat
•
In all other developing countries
•
95% Cholesterol
•
8.2%
Figure 2: US Red Meat and Poultry Production
(Carcass Equivalent, Million Pounds)
Figure 3: US Net Exports of Red Meat and Poultry
(Carcass Eqivalent, Million Pounds)
HOW DOES THE ANIMAL INDUSTRY
IMPACT THE UNITED STATES FISCALLY ?
- Agriculture is 17.5% of the
GNP in the United States.
- The largest segment of the
US economy
- 50% Crops, 50% Animal
Agriculture
Animal domestication –
taking animals from nature and raising them in a
controlled environment. ( taming wild animals – to
be raised by humans)
 Animal Selection –
choosing animals to achieve desired goals.
 Nutrition –
the study of the kind food an animal eats and how it
is used by the animal
 Ration –
the animals diet. What is consumed each day.






Animals are classified and named by
SPECIES, AGE, & SEXUAL CONDITION.
Neuteringare animals that are altered sexually
Why is this done?
Castrationthe removal of the testicles
Spayingremoval of the ovaries or cutting the fallopian
tubes
Animal Classification
& Terminology






Ask a Question – Describe a problem
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an
Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
Scientific Method
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVESTOCK PAPER
•
ANIMAL
PHYSIOLOGY
Internal functions and vital process of animals and their organs
•
8 Categories
1. Skeletal System Bones which provides support for the body and protection of organs.
2. Muscular System –
Provides movement in cooperation with skeletal system and to support life.
•
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
There are two types of muscles
A. Voluntary muscles- can be controlled by animals to do things such as walking
B. Involuntary muscles – operate in the body without control by the will of the animal.
3. Circulatory SystemHeart, veins arteries and lymph glands – these provide food, oxygen to cells of the body and
filters waste materials from the body
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
4. Respiratory SystemProvides oxygen to the blood of the animal
Allows for breathing through
Nostrils, nasal cavity pharynx, larynx, trachea and lungs.
5. Nervous systemCentral Nervous System – Spinal cord and brain
– Coordinates movement and allows the sense of hearing, sight,
smell, touch and taste
Peripheral nervous System – controls body tissues including the
organs transmits messages from brain to outer parts of the
body
6. Urinary system –
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
Remove waste materials from the blood
Parts include- kidneys, bladder and urethra
7. Endocrine System (Hormone system) –
These are ductless glands that release hormones into the body
Hormones – are chemicals that the body makes to regulate growth, reproduction, milk
production, and breathing rate
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
8. Digestive System –
Provides food for the body and for all of its systems.
This temporarily stores food for use b the body and removes the
waste products from the body.
- There are 3 basic types of digestive systems
A. Ruminant
B. Monogastric
C. Poultry
Animals on the farm can be classified as either ruminant and non
ruminant.