Transcript Animal Contributions to Human Needs

Animal Contributions to
Human Needs
Survey of the Animal Industry
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1
A load of cow dung en route to a market in India. Courtesy of R. E. McDowell, North Carolina State University.
Contributions provided by animals…
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Food
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Shelter
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Clothing
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Fuel
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Power
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Emotional Well-being
Animals throughout the world…
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Chickens
Cattle
Sheep
Ducks
Swine
16.7 billion
1.35 billion
1.08 billion
1.04 billion
960 million
Where are the animals distributed throughout
the world?
Animal Contributions to Food Needs
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Figure 1.5
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Do animals supply
more than just food?
Animal Contributions to Food Needs
Worldwide…
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16% of per capita calorie consumption
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37% of per capita protein consumption
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45% of per capita fat consumption
Animal Contributions to Food Needs
Meat consumption as related to economic
buying power.
 Animal products contribution of calories to the
diet.
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Developed countries is 26%
Developing countries is 13%
United States is higher than world average.
Animal Contributions to Food Needs
Animal products contribute to protein in diet.
 Developed countries is 55%
 Developing countries is 29%
How do we improve these numbers?
Increase effort to increase livestock and poultry
production.
Animal Contributions to Food Needs
Percentage of disposable income that goes for
food.
 Developed countries spend about 13%
 Developing countries spend >55%
Countries with a small percentage of their
population in Agriculture have a higher
standard of living, more disposable income.
Agricultural Mechanization
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Led to increase in productivity
Doubled from 1820-1920
Since 1920 has an extraordinary increase.
Multiple species farms now more specialized.
An abundance of products has led to lower
prices at the marketplace.
Protein from Meats
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Alpaca, llama, yak, horse, deer, elk, antelope,
kangaroo, rabbit, guinea pig, wild fowl are
additional meat sources
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Russian Federation cans 110 million pounds of reindeer.
West Germans eat more than 3# of venison/year.
Peru derives more than 5% of its meat from guinea pigs.
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Other reasons for having animal products
in the diet…
Nutritional
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Assortment of amino acids in animal products
closely relate to those needed by the human
body.
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Vitamin B12 is only obtained in adequate
amounts through the consumption of meat or
animal products.
What’s the largest single source of food
from animals???
MILK
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1.
In the US, 99% of milk comes from cattle
Other reasons for having animal products
in the diet…
Land Uses
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Animal agriculture has been criticized for the use of
human food products in their production.
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2/3 of the world’s agricultural land is grazing land
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40% of this land is suitable for cultivated crop use
for humans
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Through the use of intensive grazing, ruminant
animals could easily make this ground more
productive
Clothing and Nonfood Products from
Animals
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Wool and other ruminant fibers and hides are
used in over 100 countries for the production
of:
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Clothing
Bedding
Housing
Carpets
Waste products are used as fertilizers and
fuels
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$ 1 billion annually
Clothing and Nonfood Products from
Animals
Tallows, greases, and fatty acids
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Soaps, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals,
candles, cosmetics, leather, woolen fibers, tin
plating, synthetic rubber, food emulsifiers,
plasticizers, floor waxes, paints, varnishes,
printing inks.
Contributions to Power Needs
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20% of the world’s population relies on
animal power.
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Work and draft
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There are 3x as many tractors and milking machines in
developed countries.
Transportation
For developing countries to upgrade and fuel
would cost billions of dollars.
Animals for Companionship, Recreation,
and Entertainment
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59 million dogs owned by US families
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75 million cats owned by US families
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½ of all US households have at least one
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US pet food industry produces 3 million tons
of pet food valued at more than $1 billion.
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Animals used in sports.
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Companionship and service.
Human Health Research
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Genetic disease research
Viral and bacterial disease and vaccine
research
Diabetics research
Cancer
Experimental equipment research
Transgenic animals could produce organ
transplants for humans and medicines in the
future.
Food and World Hunger
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Food Secure
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All members of a household have access to food
88% of households in the United States.
Food Insecure
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Usually below poverty level of $19,000
Those without hunger (8%) Access to food, TAP
Those with hunger (4%)